Tasks Include:

• maintains health records and statistics
• acts as an advocate in the community they serve
• acts as a communicator and interpreter on behalf of clients and other health personnel
• provides clinical functions, including case management and follow-up, independently or in consultation with other health care providers
• provides health education to individual clients and health staff
• provides cultural education to persons outside the cultural community and life skills education to the community they serve
• provides counselling and referral for crisis problem cases
• provides input to the planning, development, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of all health programs in the community
• may perform a management role, providing staff counselling, facilitation, orientation, induction and development
• may carry out administrative duties including budgeting and correspondence
• may liaise with government and non-government agencies

Tasks Include:

• assists in the formulation of budgetary and accounting policies
• prepares financial statements for presentation to boards of directors, management, shareholders, and statutory bodies
• conducts financial investigations, undertakes audits, prepares reports, and advises on such matters as the purchase and sale of businesses, mergers, capital financing, suspected fraud, insolvency and taxation
• examines operating costs and the income and expenditure of institutions
• provides assurance about the accuracy of information contained in financial reports and their compliance with statutory requirements
• provides financial and taxation advice on business structures, plans and operations
• liaises with bankers and brokers to establish funds management arrangements
• may advise on the selection and application of computer-based accounting systems
• may appraise cash flow and financial risk of capital investment projects

Tasks Include:

• examines and questions patients to determine nature of disorder or illness
• records patients' medical information
• treats disorders and illnesses by inserting fine needles into critical points of the body to stimulate the body's defence mechanisms

Tasks Include:

• designs aircraft, aircraft components and support equipment
• examines aircraft controls, stability and other characteristics in laboratory or flight conditions
• analyses and solves problems arising from experiments to ensure that aircraft are capable of meeting operational conditions
• studies airframes under stress conditions
• supervises the assembly of airframes and the installation of engines, instruments and other equipment
• evaluates test flights to ensure aircraft conform to specifications and safety standards
• authorises modifications, repairs and aircraft maintenance
• consults with other engineers and flight personnel
• may conduct research into aeronautical engineering

Tasks Include:

• visits farms to inspect livestock and crops
• collects, analyses and evaluates data and samples of produce, feed, soil or other factors affecting production
• advises farmers on improving the production of crops and livestock, and alternative agricultural enterprises
• advises farmers on issues such as livestock and crop disease, control of pests and weeds, soil improvement, animal husbandry and feeding programs
• may demonstrate practical procedures used in solving agricultural problems or improving the efficiency of production
• may advise on production planning, financing and risk management

Tasks Include:

• plans and directs construction of rural electric-power distribution systems, and irrigation, drainage, and flood-control systems for soil and water conservation
• designs, develops and supervises the manufacture of agricultural machinery and equipment
• determines layouts and supervises the construction of farm buildings, crop processing plant and equipment, and systems for animals and animal products
• designs and uses sensing, measuring, and recording devices and instrumentation to study such problems as effects of temperature, humidity, and light on plants or animals, or relative effectiveness of different methods of applying insecticides
• designs and supervises installation of equipment and instruments used to evaluate and process farm products, and to automate agricultural operations

Tasks Include:

• studies the environmental factors affecting commercial crops, pasture and animal breeding
• studies the effects of cultivation techniques, soils, insects and plant diseases on animal and crop production
• prepares technical papers and reports describing the outcome of research
• develops procedures and techniques for solving agricultural problems or improving the efficiency of production
• may advise farmers on improving the production of crops and livestock
• may supervise and coordinate the work of technical officers and other workers

Tasks Include:

• studies drawings and specifications to determine layout and location of aircraft electrical and avionic systems and components
• installs and tests aircraft avionic hardware and components
• replaces and tests aircraft panel and rack mounted avionic system components
• replaces and tests aircraft oxygen system components
• inspects and tests aircraft electrical, avionics, instrument, display, radio- frequency, navigation and communications systems, flight director, automatic flight control and pulse systems and components
• may manufacture aircraft electrical, instrument and radio hardware components

Tasks Include:

• inspects, tests, repairs and installs aircraft hydromechanical, piston and gas turbine engine systems and components
• inspects, tests, repairs and installs flight control system components, rotary and fixed wing
• submits engines to final tests in specially designed testing facilities, and makes adjustments
• treats engines with anti-corrosion agents
• services auxiliary motors and engine accessories such as generators, starters and thermocouples
• conducts routine pre-flight engine inspections
• maintains records of action taken
• maintains and overhauls aircraft systems and sub-assemblies, in accordance with established maintenance schedules, and rectifies defects or malfunctions recorded by test or flight crews
• dismantles sub-assemblies and checks parts for wear using test apparatus to simulate flying conditions
• checks fuel and oil lines, control cables and other aircraft systems
• reassembles components and checks them for operating efficiency
• conducts routine pre-flight aircraft inspections

Tasks Include:

• positions parts and sub-assemblies such as fuselage, wing or tail components, fuel tanks, landing gear, safety systems and internal fittings on working surfaces, part-assembled airframes or assembly jigs, using hoists
• lays out and marks reference points or guidelines, and aligns parts
• assembles parts and sub-assemblies
• supervises welding of components
• verifies alignments, clearances and quality of finish after final assembly, by visual inspection and measurement, and rectifies faults
• replaces and repairs worn and damaged structural parts
• maintains records of action taken

Tasks Include:

• attends accidents and emergencies
• assesses health of patients and determines need for assistance
• liaises with hospital staff about patients' condition
• provides pre-hospital care and transports patients to medical facilities
• resuscitates patients and operates life-support equipment
• administers drugs according to protocol
• transports sick and disabled persons to and from centres of specialised treatment or rehabilitation
• instructs community groups and essential service workers in first aid
• attends public gatherings and sporting events where accidents and other health emergencies may occur
• may consult with medical and emergency professionals about type of care and assistance

Tasks Include:

• examines patients to determine appropriate anaesthetic and sedation in concurrence with physicians and surgeons
• administers inhalation, intravenous, spinal and other anaesthetics
• monitors patients throughout surgical procedures and in immediate post-operative procedures
• records details of anaesthetic and sedation administered, and the condition of the patient before, during and after anaesthesia
• liaises with other health care workers to provide diagnosis and treatment for patients with chronic pain and to diagnose or treat patients requiring intensive care or resuscitation
• may instruct medical or associated staff and students on the symptoms of anaesthetic reaction and appropriate emergency measures

Tasks Include:

• studies the forms and structures of bodily organs and tissues by systematic observation, dissection and microscopic examination
• applies statistical and mathematical techniques to the measurement of anatomical structures and relates structural patterns to functions of the body
• studies glands and their relationship to body functions
• investigates the function and chemical composition of organs and tissues
• performs experiments and studies anatomical reactions such as the ability of the body to regenerate damaged or destroyed parts
• investigates the possibility of transplanting organs and tissue
• studies respiration, circulation, excretion, movement, reproduction, nervous activity and other functions of humans under normal and abnormal conditions
• performs experiments to determine the effects of internal and external environmental factors on life processes and functions of organisms
• applies scientific knowledge to problems of physical fitness, nutrition, human endurance and similar matters
• prepares and supervises the preparation of laboratory reports and scientific papers, including physiological studies for use by other scientists

Tasks Include:

• obtains advice from clients or management to determine type, style and size of buildings or alterations
• provides information regarding designs, materials and estimated building times
• prepares project documentation, including sketches and scale drawings, and integrates structural, mechanical and aesthetic elements in final designs
• writes specifications and contract documents for use by builders and calls tenders on behalf of clients
• consults with a range of engineers and experts in the fields of environmental design
• develops feasibility studies jointly with quantity surveyors and other workers
• inspects and oversees construction work to ensure compliance with specifications
• may specialise in the design of commercial, industrial, institutional, residential or recreational buildings or in conservation architecture
• may supervise and coordinate the work of architectural associates
• may use computer-assisted design software and equipment to prepare project designs and documentation

Tasks Include:

• analyses architects' designs and prepares preliminary sketches, working drawings and detailed instructions
• prepares detailed drawings of plans showing internal, external and other features of buildings
• prepares working drawings of plans showing elevations, sections, materials, finishes and other aspects of building projects such as layouts, plumbing, drainage, carparking and landscaping as directed by architects
• represents architects on building sites to clarify plans and specifications
• may assist in the preparation of building specifications
• may make inquiries of local governments and other authorities, and investigate pertinent codes and by-laws

Tasks Include:

• evaluates and preserves records for legal, administrative, evidential, historical and other purposes
• prepares record-keeping systems, indexes, guides and procedures for archival research and for the retention or destruction of records
• assesses records maintained by organisations and individuals and negotiates for their transfer to archival custody
• directs processes for the cataloguing, conservation, restoration and destruction of records
• administers access provisions laid down by legislation, organisational regulations and depositors' directions
• selects documents for reproduction, publication and display
• provides policy and technical advice on the management of records
• may assist users in the interpretation of record-keeping systems
• may direct the activities of library and conservation staff
• may participate in staff supervision, selection and training

Tasks Include:

• administers and interprets a wide range of audiometric tests to determine hearing efficiency and site of detected hearing problems
• interprets audiometric test results alongside other medical, social and behavioural diagnostic data
• evaluates total response pattern and acoustic tests to distinguish between organic and non-organic hearing loss
• plans, directs and participates in counselling, speech-reading and other rehabilitative programs
• prescribes appropriate hearing aides and instructs patients in use
• records patients' condition, treatment and progress
• may conduct research into the physiology, pathology, physics, and psychophysics of the auditory system
• may design and develop clinical and research procedures and apparatus
• may design and implement industrial hearing conservation and education programs
• may design and implement school-based audiology programs within special schools for hearing-impaired children

Tasks Include:

• installs electrical equipment and electronic components in motor vehicles
• connects power-operated vehicle equipment and accessories to power supply
• uses test equipment to locate electrical and electronic malfunctions
• adjusts engine control systems and timing
• tests and replaces defective alternators, generators, voltage regulators and starter motors
• repairs or replaces faulty ignition and electrical wiring
• replaces defective parts, such as fuses, lamps and switches

Tasks Include:

• checks the cleanliness and operation of equipment and premises before production runs to ensure compliance with occupational health and safety regulations
• checks the quality of raw materials and weighs ingredients for making dough
• mixes and kneads dough
• loads tins or trays into proofers and then into ovens
• monitors oven temperatures and bread appearance to determine baking times
• unloads ovens and arranges de-panning and cooling of bread
• coordinates the forming, loading and baking of batches of bread and rolls
• may maintain and clean equipment and premises

Tasks Include:

• sets up and supervises the operation of automatic binding and finishing equipment
• binds full, half-bound, quarter-bound and limp-bound books, and repairs bindings
• folds, collates and sews signatures by machine or hand
• operates paper guillotines for pre-press and post-press paper cutting and trimming, and programs electronically-operated units
• may edge-gild, bevel and marble bindings using hand tools

Tasks Include:

• develops new medical devices or instruments such as sensors and diagnostic or therapeutic devices
• uses the principles of mechanics to analyse the musculoskeletal system and to design supportive devices to assist in the rehabilitation of patients
• advises on and develops equipment for the measurement of physical parameters affecting patients in intensive care or undergoing surgery
• explores and develops the medical uses of ultrasound and electromagnetic radiation
• performs bio-electrical investigations of the heart and brain
• develops new materials and artificial organs for implantation
• researches the function and structure of living systems
• works with patients and other health care professionals to deliver services

Tasks Include:

• examines drawings and constructs templates from full-scale outlines
• scribes lines from templates and cuts and forms parts such as keels, stern posts, ribs and sidings
• assembles boat shells, fastens sidings or ribs to keels and covers with planking
• builds and installs structures such as cabins, machinery mountings, propeller supports and rudders
• installs decking, masts, booms and ladders
• determines repair requirements and procedures
• may make hull moulds and fabricate or repair vessels using materials such as aluminium, wood, glass reinforced plastics, carbon fibre, kevlar, fibreglass or concrete
• may order materials, prepare cost estimates and quotations

Tasks Include:

• investigates the effects of environmental factors such as rainfall, temperature, sunlight, soil, topography and disease on plant growth
• grows plants under controlled conditions to determine optimum environmental factors, assess the significance of environmental and genetic variables, and examine patterns of plant evolution
• studies the nature and occurrence of plant chromosomes, cells and tissues
• makes field and laboratory studies of plant groups to compile and revise natural classifications
• prepares or supervises the preparation of laboratory reports and scientific papers
• may prepare handbooks for identification of plants
• may supervise and coordinate the work of technical officers and technicians
• may search for, identify and classify new species of plants
• may work with other scientists to develop drugs, medicines and other products from plants

Tasks Include:

• studies plans and specifications
• erects scaffolding
• seals foundations with damp-resistant materials
• spreads layers of mortar to serve as base and binder for blocks, using trowels
• lays bricks in rows, designs or shapes, spreading mortar between joints
• embeds blocks in mortar and removes excess mortar
• checks vertical and horizontal alignment
• shapes bricks to fit irregular spaces and constructs arches and ornamental brickwork
• repairs and maintains brick, cement block and related structures
• may operate brick cutting machines
• may lay paving bricks, tiles or other materials in sand

Tasks Include:

• assists professional builders in the planning and organising of building projects, arranges supplies of building materials and equipment, and directs the progress of building work
• interprets building plans, building regulations and codes of practice
• calculates building costs and estimates completion times to prepare tenders and to support contract bids and contract variations
• draws up detailed programs for site works and coordination of tradespersons
• inspects building work to ensure compliance with plans, specifications and regulations and that proper techniques and materials are used
• negotiates with subcontractors and others on commercial and technical matters
• keeps records of building progress and departures from design drawings or specifications
• makes reports to builders and architects
• may supervise or coordinate the work of sub-contractors, tradespersons and other workers
• may perform building work

Tasks Include:

• interprets building plans, building regulations and codes of practice
• inspects building works in progress to ensure compliance with plans, specifications and regulations, and that proper techniques and materials are used
• maintains records of building progress and departures from design drawings or specifications
• assesses building plans submitted for approval
• may inspect existing buildings to assess the condition
• may give advice on building matters

Tasks Include:

• examines and operates machines, and consults customers to determine causes of malfunctions
• disassembles machines and examines components
• repairs or replaces defective parts
• reassembles, test-operates and adjusts machines
• cleans machine parts and interiors of machines
• undertakes routine work on electrical or electronic components by repairing or replacing faulty parts or wiring
• uses electrical and electronic testing equipment
• advises users of correct operating procedures to prevent malfunctions

Tasks Include:

• advises customers on the suitability and uses of cuts of meat
• operates machinery to grind, mix, mince or tenderise meat
• prepares meat for sale by removing bones, trimming fat and cutting meat to shape and size for display or as ordered
• prepares crumbed cuts of meat and marinates and seasons special cuts
• selects and prepares meat to produce smallgoods
• may assist in menu planning and scheduling, and in estimating food production costs

Tasks Include:

• sterilises equipment
• starts flow of cream to churns or continuous buttermakers
• observes separation of buttermilk from butter and pumps buttermilk from churns
• tests butter for moisture, salt content and consistency
• removes butter from churns, tests and grades, and loads it into moulding and packaging machine hoppers
• adds measured amounts of bacterial culture to milk
• adds and stirs rennet into mixtures
• starts agitators and mixes ingredients
• observes thermometers, adjusts steam valves and starts agitators to stir and cook curds
• separates curds and releases whey
• samples cheese after manufacture and during maturation for taste, smell and texture to determine grade

Tasks Include:

• examines drawings, work orders or sample parts to determine specifications
• selects and works with materials such as timber, veneers, particle board and synthetic wood
• marks out, cuts and shapes wood
• works from drawings or specifications to make furniture
• makes fittings for boats, caravans or other items where fine detail is required
• assembles parts to form sections of furniture and completed articles
• fits hinges, locks, catches, drawers and shelves
• may repair and refurbish furniture and antiques
• may make frames for chairs and couches

Tasks Include:

• repairs, maintains and joins cables
• splices conductors, insulates splices and connects cable sheathing
• checks insulation and performance of installed cables
• maintains location diagrams
• ensures that electrical conductors are correctly connected between sub-stations and customers' premises
• may dig trenches and service pits or tunnels for cables
• may test for the presence of gas
• may encase cables in armoured or other protective covers

Tasks Include:

• studies drawings and specifications to determine materials required, dimensions and installation procedures
• orders and selects timbers and materials, and prepares layouts
• cuts materials with hand and power tools, and assembles or nails cut and shaped parts
• erects framework, lays sub-flooring and verifies trueness of structures
• assembles ceiling joists and rafters to construct roof framing, or nails pre- fabricated roof trusses into place
• nails fascia panels, sheathes roofs and fits exterior wall cladding to enclose structures
• cuts and nails frames around windows and doors, hangs doors, installs prefabricated units and other structures, and nails floor-boards over sub-floor
• may install door handles, locks, hardware, flooring underlay, suspended ceilings, insulating materials and other fixtures
• may examine and remove parts of existing structures, do minor preparatory work and install building supports
• may erect scaffolding and steel studding

Tasks Include:

• studies drawings and specifications to determine materials required, dimensions and installation procedures
• orders and selects timbers and materials, and prepares layouts
• cuts materials, and assembles or nails cut and shaped parts
• erects framework and roof framing, lays sub-flooring and floorboards and verifies trueness of structures
• nails fascia panels, sheathes roofs and fits exterior wall cladding, door and window frames
• assembles prepared wood to form structures and fittings ready to install
• cuts wood joints
• may construct concrete formwork
• may repair existing fittings
• may work with plastic laminates, perspex or metals

Tasks Include:

• designs and compiles map manuscripts using digital and graphical source material, including aerial photographs, satellite imagery, survey documents, existing maps and records, reports and statistics
• advises surveyors and other professionals on the data requirements for map production and on the aesthetic, technical and economic considerations of scales, details to be illustrated, place names and reproduction techniques
• supervises and coordinates the work of cartographic associates in the production and reproduction of maps
• may produce digital elevation models
• may specialise in cadastral (land tenure) or topographical mapping, or maps for specific purposes such as town planning, geology and hydrography

Tasks Include:

• plans menus and estimates food and labour costs in consultation with the Head Chef
• implements staff rosters and supervises the activities of cooks and assistants
• discusses food preparation issues with managers, dietitians and other staff members
• requisitions food, kitchen supplies and equipment
• demonstrates techniques to cooks and advises them on cooking procedures
• prepares and cooks food
• portions food, adds gravies, sauces and garnishes
• explains and enforces hygiene regulations
• may select and train staff
• may freeze and preserve foods

Tasks Include:

• prepares designs for chemical process systems, and plans control systems for processes such as those used to remove and separate components, effect chemical changes, test and evaluate fuels, transfer heat, and control the storing and handling of solids, liquids and gases
• monitors the operation and maintenance of equipment to achieve maximum efficiency under safe operating conditions
• designs pilot plants
• ensures that correct materials and equipment are used and that they conform to specifications
• interprets reports from other engineers, chemists and technical workers
• diagnoses malfunctions in chemical plants and institutes remedial actions
• prepares analytical reports, feasibility studies and detailed costings of processes
• studies product utilisation and pollution control problems
• may confer with environmental authorities
• may review tenders and supervise contracts
• may specialise in the conduct of experiments and correlation of data to investigate practical chemical engineering problems

Tasks Include:

• directs and supervises child care workers in providing care and supervision for young children
• develops and implements programs to enhance the physical, social, emotional and intellectual development of young children
• provides care for children in before-school, after-school, day and vacation care centres
• manages physical facilities and ensures all buildings and equipment are maintained
• ensures the centre is a safe area for all children, staff and visitors
• maintains records and accounts for the centre
• complies with government requirements and standards that may effect funding and continued service
• liaises with parents
• recruits staff and coordinates professional development
• develops and implements policies on a broad range of issues

Tasks Include:

• designs civil engineering projects such as hydraulic systems, roads, aerodromes, water supply systems, bridges and buildings
• studies, evaluates and reports on the environmental implications of projects
• determines construction methods, materials and quality standards
• drafts and interprets specifications, drawings, plans, construction methods and procedures
• organises and directs site labour and the delivery of construction materials, plant and equipment
• administers contracts and verifies and certifies satisfactory completion
• establishes detailed programs for the coordination of site activities
• sets up work control systems to ensure that standards of performance, quality, cost and safety are met
• consults with other engineers, architects, landscape architects and environmental scientists
• researches, investigates and evaluates materials, processes or systems related to civil engineering works
• supervises the testing and commissioning of completed works

Tasks Include:

• prepares diagrams, drawings, plans and designs for construction work under the direction of civil engineers and engineering technologists
• interprets work assignment instructions, applies appropriate procedures and selects equipment
• performs and directs fieldwork and laboratory testing
• analyses data and carries out computations
• estimates material costs and ensures finished works are within specifications, regulations and contract provisions
• inspects civil engineering works and organises and supervises maintenance and repair work

Tasks Include:

• interprets work assignment instructions, applies appropriate procedures and selects equipment under the direction of civil engineers, engineering technologists and engineering associates
• conducts field and laboratory tests of construction materials and soils, and collects data for traffic surveys
• prepares computations, sketches, charts and tabulations for civil engineering works such as drainage, water supply, sewage reticulation systems, roads, airports, dams, bridges and other structures

Tasks Include:

• assists in the design and development of civil engineering projects
• modifies established practices or applies newly developed civil engineering practices
• oversees specialist engineering tasks such as design drafting, estimating and operations control
• tests and evaluates construction materials and techniques
• provides marketing and support advice on civil engineering products such as construction materials
• outlines work programs and reviews these for accuracy, adequacy and feasibility
• plans, supervises and coordinates the work of others

Tasks Include:

• collects data about individuals and assesses their cognitive, behavioural and emotional disorders
• administers and interprets psychological tests and formulates plans for treatment
• develops, administers and evaluates individual and group treatment programs
• assesses the reliability and validity of procedures used in treatment programs
• treats complex mental disorders and other health problems using specialised psychological techniques
• organises groups and conducts programs for the development of self-confidence, communication and other inter-personal skills
• may consult with other professionals in developing treatment programs

Tasks Include:

• examines drawings, specifications and work areas to determine positioning and connections for equipment to be installed
• attaches outgoing and incoming cables to appliances being installed
• locates faults and tests external plant equipment using instruments such as transmission measuring equipment, ohmmeters, voltmeters and ammeters
• adjusts, replaces and repairs faulty items at telephone installation centres or fault control centres
• replaces telephones, fax machines, answering machines and other telephone equipment in homes or small offices
• erects, tests and maintains aerial wires, cables and radio antennae
• installs underground cables for telephone and other communications transmissions
• joins cables and seals sheaths with lead or thermoplastic
• distributes cable pairs from exchanges or pillars
• runs telephone cables underground
• may install lead-ins, internal wiring and equipment at customers' premises

Tasks Include:

• researches and analyses community issues, needs and problems
• develops, evaluates and maintains community resources and programs
• evaluates resources devoted to health, welfare, recreation, housing, employment, training and other community facilities or programs
• interprets identified needs for community organisations, social agencies and groups, stimulates their interest and enlists cooperation
• provides leadership and coordinates programs
• prepares reports, budgets and policies

Tasks Include:

• examines production schedules to determine confectionery types and quantities to be produced
• checks the cleanliness and operation of equipment
• weighs and mixes batches of ingredients
• controls temperature and pressure in boilers used to make boiled sweets
• cools, folds, coats, slices, moulds and wraps sweets by hand or machine
• operates equipment which makes chocolate from beans and refines and tempers chocolate
• operates coating and moulding machines

Tasks Include:

• interprets architectural drawings, specifications and bills of quantities
• consults with architects, engineers and other professional and technical workers
• negotiates with building owners, property developers and subcontractors
• controls preparation of tender estimates and contract bids
• assesses the size and scope of the building or site development and creates and implements coordinated programs for site activities and work control systems
• coordinates labour resources, procurement and delivery of materials, plant and equipment
• creates and implements coordinated programs for site activities and work control systems
• ensures adherence to building legislation and standards of building performance
• may be involved in the development of government and corporate building policies

Tasks Include:

• examines food to ensure quality
• regulates temperatures of ovens, grills and other cooking equipment
• prepares and cooks food
• seasons food during cooking
• portions food, places it in dishes, adds gravies or sauces, and garnishes
• stores food in temperature controlled facilities
• may plan menus and estimate food requirements
• may prepare food to meet special dietary requirements
• may train other kitchen staff and apprentices

Tasks Include:

• instructs patients in dental health and hygiene
• applies and removes periodontal packs
• selects, applies and removes orthodontic bands
• issues pre- and post-operative instructions to patients
• removes sutures
• applies therapeutic agents and fissure sealants to teeth
• scales, polishes and root planes teeth
• polishes dental restorations
• takes impressions for mouthguard construction
• may assist with dental radiography

Tasks Include:

• receives referrals from dentists and medical practitioners
• examines patients and conducts X-ray examinations or special tests
• makes diagnoses on the basis of examinations and tests
• undertakes or arranges for treatment
• supervises patients' progress after treatment

Tasks Include:

• receives and interprets written orders from dentists
• fabricates full and partial dentures
• constructs metal clasps, inlays, bridgework and other aids
• repairs, makes additions or relines denture bases
• constructs maxillofacial appliances
• may fit dentures

Tasks Include:

• carries out oral examinations and checks teeth and gums for signs of decay and disease
• provides educational programs to motivate children, parents and the community in matters relating to oral health
• cleans calcareous deposits and stains from teeth and the gum margins using specialised dental equipment
• applies fluorides and other cavity preventing agents to arrest dental decay
• applies rubber dams and temporary restorations
• extracts teeth where necessary
• may conduct dental health clinics for community groups to augment local or infrequent dental practice
• may perform dental radiography
• may administer local anaesthesia and analgesics

Tasks Include:

• examines teeth, gums and other tissues using dental equipment and X-rays
• diagnoses dental conditions and plans treatment
• cleans teeth and cavities, fills cavities with restorative materials and extracts and replaces teeth
• constructs inlays and artificial crowns to replace portions of teeth
• designs, constructs and fits dentures, bridge work, orthodontic and other appliances
• advises patients on oral hygiene and provides preventive dental services such as applications of fluoride and sealants to teeth
• may refer patients to dentists specialising in particular methods, or medical practitioners for further examination and treatment
• may administer local and general anaesthetics
• may delegate technical construction to Dental Technicians
• may specialise in particular disorders, treatments or methods requiring additional specialist training

Tasks Include:

• diagnoses and treats skin disorders including infections, genetic diseases of the skin, neoplastic disease, parasitic conditions and inflammatory and auto-immune disease
• diagnoses allergic and irritant skin conditions
• conducts microscopic and macroscopic examinations, and skin sensitivity tests
• surgically excises, irradiates and uses cryotherapy for cutaneous malignancies and other growths
• advises patients about the treatment and care of skin
• prescribes and administers treatments and medications, and monitors their effectiveness and side effect profiles
• provides consultancy and treatment services to assist with the care of patients with skin disease
• counsels patients

Tasks Include:

• determines the nursing policies of the hospital or health service facility and develops organisational structure and standards of performance
• directs nursing staff
• interprets policies, procedures and objectives of the nursing service to medical and administrative staff and community groups
• promotes working relationships with community agencies
• prepares or assists in the preparation of the nursing budget and contributes to the overall organisational budget
• establishes personnel qualification requirements, directs the preparation of procedure manuals and implements records and reporting systems
• initiates studies to evaluate the effectiveness of nursing services in the organisation in relation to objectives, costs, and nursing care
• may direct on-site nursing education programs and may assist with nursing curricula

Tasks Include:

• assesses client training needs and plans, develops, implements and evaluates education and training programs
• liaises with community groups, parents and residential workers in the development of training programs for community orientation, independent living skills, daily living activities, literacy and numeracy, communication and vocational training
• liaises with employers and employment agencies to place clients in jobs and provide intensive on-the-job training and continuing monitoring in competitive or integrated supported employment programs
• may establish recreation and support networks and provide recreation and community orientation training for their clients
• may negotiate work contracts, manage the business aspects of the operation and provide occupational training and on-going support in segregated supported employment programs

Tasks Include:

• sets out and installs below ground sanitary and stormwater drainage systems
• carries out site drainage and de-watering procedures, employing stormwater, sub- soil and pumped systems
• installs septic tanks, effluent disposal and disinfections systems
• locates and clears blockages in drainage systems
• replaces sections of below ground drains
• excavates and levels to line, depth and grade
• installs excavation supports in accordance with Occupational Health and Safety requirements
• cuts and joints piping
• tests drainage systems
• may construct brick or concrete pits

Tasks Include:

• assesses client needs in relation to treatment for drug and alcohol abuse
• employs appropriate therapeutic models and interventions as a method of treatment and support for the client
• refers client to appropriate agencies for treatment, support and education
• facilitates the development of clients' interpersonal and group skills through the provision of group-work programs
• counsels and supports family members
• provides information to the courts, guardians and agencies with the consent of the client
• adopts harm-minimisation principles in working with the client
• assists in community development by providing consultancy services and assists the community to attain knowledge and skills in addressing problems relating to substance use
• raises awareness regarding the prevention, early intervention and treatment of substance use
• promotes inter-organisational planning and consultation regarding the development of appropriate strategies and client management

Tasks Include:

• conducts research into motivation in learning, group performance and individual differences in mental abilities and educational performance
• collects data and analyses characteristics of students and recommends educational programs
• formulates achievement, diagnostic and predictive tests for use by teachers in planning methods and content of instruction
• develops special methods of remedial instruction
• develops guidelines for the selection and development of teachers
• liaises with education specialists to plan curriculum and develop methods of organising, conducting and evaluating education programs
• may provide individuals and groups with educational and vocational guidance, training in study skills and personal counselling

Tasks Include:

• plans and designs the manufacture and installation of electric power equipment and facilities
• determines the type and arrangement of circuits, transformers, circuit-breakers, transmission lines and other equipment
• develops products such as electric motors, components, equipment and appliances
• interprets specifications, drawings, standards and regulations relating to electric power equipment and use
• organises and manages resources used in the supply of electrical components, machines, appliances and equipment
• establishes delivery and installation schedules for machines, switchgear, cables and fittings
• supervises the operation and maintenance of power stations, transmission and distribution systems and industrial plants
• may specialise in research in areas such as power generation and transmission systems, transformers, switchgear and electric motors, telemetry and control systems

Tasks Include:

• assists electrical engineers and engineering technologists in the design and layout of electrical installations and circuitry on switchyards, substations, switchgear, cabling systems and motor control systems
• prepares drawings, plans and diagrams of electrical installations and circuitry under the direction of electrical engineers and engineering technologists
• estimates material costs and quantities
• ensures that designs and finished products are within specifications, regulations and contract provisions
• collects data, performs complex computations and prepares diagrams
• assists in testing and commissioning of electrical equipment and installations and in the supervision of operations and maintenance
• assists with research and experimentation programs

Tasks Include:

• performs tests, graphs results, prepares charts and tabulations under the direction of electrical engineers, engineering technologists and engineering associates
• undertakes electrical workshop functions, such as installing assemblies for protection relays, metering and indicating devices
• assembles, installs, tests and calibrates and modifies electrical installations to conform with regulations and safety requirements

Tasks Include:

• installs earth stakes, poles and guy wires
• checks safety of operating conditions for working on electrical equipment and distribution systems of all voltages
• installs or services aerial equipment such as cross arms, insulators, transformers, street lights and customer supply points
• covers conductors with insulating materials
• joins overhead conductors using compression fittings, and adjusts tension
• performs emergency repairs and de-energising of conductors

Tasks Include:

• diagnoses and repairs faults in electrical circuitry which is of a complex nature
• analyses drawings and specifications to determine sequences and methods of operation
• uses electrical and electronic test instruments to trace faults
• dismantles units, repairs or replaces defective components and re-assembles them
• test-operates and monitors the performance of systems, and adjusts settings
• records causes of malfunctioning and action taken
• may service and repair circuitry in prototype and other non-standard units
• may service and repair components of electrical equipment powered by hydraulic, pneumatic or other non-electrical energy sources

Tasks Include:

• assists electronics engineers in the evaluation, selection, development, design, testing, manufacture, assembly and maintenance of electronic equipment and associated circuitry
• prepares drawings, plans and diagrams for electronic engineering work under the direction of electronics engineers and engineering technologists
• undertakes complex calibrations, tests and adjustments
• collects and analyses data, carries out complex computations and prepares reports
• estimates material costs and quantities
• inspects designs and installations for compliance with specifications, drawings, contracts and regulations
• develops specifications for and assists electronics engineers in the commissioning of non-standard systems and equipment
• may operate and maintain complex telecommunications equipment, including computer-controlled equipment

Tasks Include:

• assembles circuitry for electronic equipment in accordance with technical manuals and electronics engineers' instructions
• performs tests, graphs results, prepares charts and tabulations under the direction of electronics engineers, engineering technologists and engineering associates
• calibrates electronic measuring and indicating instruments according to established standards
• installs, tests, repairs and modifies electronic equipment, following technical manuals or electronics engineers' instructions

Tasks Include:

• identifies nature of equipment malfunction
• monitors radio and television reception to assist in diagnosing faults
• removes protective coverings to gain access to equipment
• performs voltage and resistance tests and waveform checks, using electronic test equipment
• adjusts or replaces faulty parts
• tests electronic circuitry, resistors and capacitors
• records servicing time and replacement parts used
• installs television sets and antennas on clients' premises
• adjusts controls of colour receivers using colour bar generators
• may accept payment and issue receipt for service
• may examine and repair motors of record turntables and tape recorders

Tasks Include:

• installs, modifies, maintains and repairs instruments within a complex control system
• commissions, calibrates, and diagnoses faults in instruments
• services and tests equipment on industrial sites
• may provide technical advice to clients or staff
• may estimate cost to install, modify, maintain and repair electronic instruments

Tasks Include:

• designs electronic components, circuits and systems used for computer, communication and control systems, and other industrial applications
• designs software, especially embedded software, to be used within such systems
• develops apparatus and procedures to test electronic components, circuits and systems
• supervises installation and commissioning of computer, communications and control systems, and ensures proper control and protection methods
• establishes and monitors performance and safety standards and procedures for operation, modification, maintenance and repair of such systems
• designs communications bearers based on wired, optical fibre and wireless communications media
• analyses communications traffic and level of service, and determines the type of installation, location, layout and transmission medium for communications systems
• designs and develops signal processing algorithms and implements these through appropriate choice of hardware and software

Tasks Include:

• prepares and maintains plating solutions
• cleans, prepares and descales surfaces of parts or articles with cleaning solutions such as acids or alkalis or by using blasting cabinets
• masks areas not to be plated with waxes, lacquers or resistant adhesive tapes
• places parts in fixtures, jigs or racks and immerses them in plating solutions or uses procedures such as selective brush plating
• sets and adjusts controls to pass electric current between anodes and cathodes
• examines articles or parts to check progress of plating and monitor quality of finish
• checks instruments and adjusts current flow
• adds water or other materials to maintain mixture and level of cleaning, rinsing and plating solutions
• removes parts or articles at completion of plating and rinses and dries them
• removes masking substances from articles
• may work to military or manufacturing specifications and work on such items as telecommunications components, printed circuitry, aircraft engine components and gravure printing cylinders
• may undertake high level electroforming and anodising operations

Tasks Include:

• provides specialised emergency medical care to patients of all ages with acute and urgent illness or injury
• treats the full range of acute and urgent physical or behavioural disorders
• examines patients who have acute and urgent illness or injury
• determines extent and nature of illness or injury
• recommends treatment for the diagnosed condition
• coordinates other emergency medical staff to treat patients
• assists in the development and maintenance of emergency medical systems

Tasks Include:

• directs the formulation of engineering strategies, policies and plans
• ensures engineering standards of quality, cost, safety, timeliness and performance are observed
• interprets plans, drawings and specifications and provides advice on engineering methods and procedures to achieve construction and production requirements
• liaises with marketing, research and manufacturing managers concerning engineering aspects of new construction and product design
• establishes project and work schedules and budgets
• ensures conformity with specifications and plans and with laws, regulations and safety standards
• oversees maintenance requirements to optimise efficiency
• coordinates the activities of engineering staff and controls engineering staff selection and training
• may contribute to research and development projects

Tasks Include:

• prepares and implements plans and strategies for the safe, economic and hygienic disposal of commercial, medical and household wastes
• advises on and implements safety and prevention programs for communicable diseases, food hygiene, waste water and treatment disposal systems, swimming pools, and contaminated and hazardous substances
• develops, implements and reviews environmental health emergency management plans and occupational health and safety plans
• oversees all health aspects of food hygiene, such as transport, storage, preparation, serving and disposal of food
• develops and implements programs minimising air, sea, water and noise pollution
• develops, implements and coordinates environmental health education and health promotion programs
• oversees and advises on environmental health legislation and recommends corrective actions

Tasks Include:

• studies the effects on animal and plant life of such factors as terrain, altitude, climatic conditions, sources of nutrition, and predators
• investigates the structure of communities of organisms and predicts the effects of disturbances by human or environmental changes
• plans and conducts field trips to study animals and plants in their natural environments and to collect specimens for laboratory study
• studies and analyses pollution, atmospheric conditions, demographic characteristics, ecology, mineral, soil and water samples
• prepares graphs, charts and statistics from data, analyses data and correlates them with the work of other scientists, evaluates data and prepares reports of conclusions
• develops and tests models of the environment using knowledge of ecology, mathematics, statistics and physical sciences
• develops conservation or harvesting policies for management of biological resources such as fish populations and forests
• assesses pollution problems, establishes standards and develops approaches for the control of pollution and the rehabilitation of areas disturbed by activities such as mining, timber felling or overgrazing
• may prepare environmental impact studies of activities such as mining, building and housing

Tasks Include:

• provides independent opinions on the financial performance of an organisation, and the extent to which its obligations are fulfilled
• verifies the accuracy of information contained in accounting records
• verifies the existence of assets and liabilities mentioned in reports
• prepares financial statements and reports for management, shareholders and statutory bodies
• determines the efficiency and effectiveness of companies and government departments
• may examine the records of government departments, statutory and municipal authorities and government-owned companies

Tasks Include:

• studies and applies chemical and metallurgical techniques for extracting and refining metallic materials from their ores or concentrates
• coordinates the analysis of samples taken from metallurgical process streams to ensure safe and economic operation
• advises operations personnel on process changes required to obtain desired products, processes and quality control
• specifies temperature adjustments, charge mixtures and other processing variables to obtain pig iron, steel or other metals of specified quality
• investigates methods of improving metallurgical processes such as selective oxidation, reduction, electrolysis, and distillation to extract aluminium, lead, copper, zinc, nickel and other non-ferrous metals from their ores
• assists with the design and preparation of specifications for primary and preparation plants
• may prepare cost budgets of operations to evaluate the economic feasibility of processes
• may supervise and coordinate the work of technicians and other workers in the extractive process

Tasks Include:

• assists the understanding and adjustment of attitudes, expectations and behaviour to develop more effective interpersonal and marital relationships
• conducts counselling or therapeutic interviews with individuals, couples or family groups
• collects data through observation and case histories, and discusses problems with parties involved
• presents alternative approaches and discusses potential for attitude and behaviour change
• counsels people and assists with appropriate decisions and adjustments relating to divorce

Tasks Include:

• inspects horses to check for deviations in motion, interference, peculiarities in gait or abnormalities in size and shape of hooves
• removes worn or defective shoes
• trims and shapes hooves
• measures hooves and estimates metal requirements
• makes shoes by heating, shaping and hammering and fits them to horse's hooves
• may specialise in corrective or surgical shoeing

Tasks Include:

• conceives designs for garments or fashion accessories such as handbags and shoes
• prepares detailed sketches showing front, back, seams, cut and other important features of garments
• chooses combinations of fabrics, colours and trim to complement styles
• discusses designs with management, sales departments, manufacturing staff, and buyers from retail and department stores
• assists pattern makers in the production of master patterns and supervises production of sample garments
• uses computer-aided design systems
• may showcase product at fashion shows and exhibitions

Tasks Include:

• determines plasterboard layout, and installs insulation and vapour barriers
• measures and marks reference points on plasterboard
• cuts plasterboard, lifts and positions panels and secures them to walls and ceilings, or to battens
• prepares corner beads and secures them in position
• fixes pre-cast cornices, panel mouldings, ceiling centres and other plaster fittings
• covers joins and nail holes with wet plaster or sealing compounds, and smooths them using wet brushes and sand paper
• may spray fibrous materials over surfaces to be covered

Tasks Include:

• plans and oversees the financial operations of the organisation and directs the formulation of budgetary and accounting policies in consultation with other managers
• provides financial information and interprets the implications for business performance and funding needs
• coordinates the development, implementation and monitoring of accounting systems
• directs the collection of financial and accounting information and the preparation of budgets, reports, forecasts and statutory returns
• assesses capital finance proposals and the financial status of operational projects
• advises on investment strategies, including takeovers and mergers
• advises on sources of funds, including share capital, and the distribution of earnings

Tasks Include:

• interviews prospective clients to determine financial status and objectives
• analyses client's financial status, discusses financial options and develops financial strategies
• reviews and revises plans based on modified needs and changes in investment markets
• recommends and arranges insurance cover for clients
• may refer clients to other establishments to obtain services outlined in financial plan
• may arrange to buy and sell stocks and bonds for client
• may rent, buy and sell property under clients' instructions

Tasks Include:

• studies drawings or specifications to determine methods and sequences of operations
• checks prepared metal components for accuracy, using measuring instruments such as micrometers, callipers and rules
• lifts and hoists components on to working surface, lays out and marks reference points, and aligns parts using measuring instruments
• drills holes and taps threads for bolting parts together, and assembles parts and sub-assemblies
• cuts, threads, bends and installs hydraulic and pneumatic pipes and lines
• verifies alignment of, and clearances between, components using measuring instruments
• cleans and lubricates assembled articles
• may mark out stock to be shaped and formed into metal parts by other workers
• may shrink-fit parts during assembly, using oxyacetylene torches and presses
• may fit and assemble non-metallic parts
• may erect machinery and equipment on-site
• may test-assemble articles in workshops to ensure accuracy of fit

Tasks Include:

• determines type and dimensions of glass required
• lays glass over patterns on padded tables or in jigs
• measures and marks glass for cutting
• examines glass and marks defective areas
• cuts along patterns and templates
• breaks off sheets or excess glass with notched tools or glass pliers
• installs glass and mirrors in windows, skylights, display cases, interior walls and ceilings
• smooths rough edges, using belt sanders or smoothing wheels
• may coat, cut, etch, trim or treat glass to achieve special effects

Tasks Include:

• prepares surface for covering and removes baseboard trims
• measures areas to be covered or consults plans to estimate quantities of floor covering materials required
• measures, cuts and fixes underlay materials
• lays covering materials over floor, matches patterns, cuts shapes around fixtures and trims edges
• secures floor coverings and fits edge trims in doorways
• may install wall, ceiling, counter and bench coverings
• may lay parquetry blocks or resilient floor coverings

Tasks Include:

• manages forest resources to maximise their long-term commercial, recreational and environmental benefits for the community
• participates in land use planning for designated areas
• observes the effects of environmental factors on the growth and health of forest plants
• studies the propagation and culture of forest trees, improvement of growing stock and the effects of thinning on forest yields
• prepares plans for re-afforestation and devises efficient harvesting systems
• investigates, plans and implements management procedures to cope with the effects of fires, floods, soil erosion, insect pests and diseases
• estimates the volume, size and quality of timber resulting from management alternatives
• advises government, industry and the public on forestry problems and planning
• may conduct educational programs on the care and value of forests
• may supervise and coordinate the work of technical officers and other forestry workers

Tasks Include:

• sands and smooths furniture surfaces
• mixes stains by stirring in base colours to match colour or shade and applies to furniture
• applies varnish, shellac, lacquer or paint to surfaces
• polishes and waxes finished surfaces
• dismantles furniture, masks areas not being finished and removes accessories such as knobs and hinges to prepare articles for refinishing
• removes old finishes by stripping with steel wool or glasspaper, or by applying solvents or paint strippers and removing softened finishes by scraping
• removes excess solvent and indentations
• may restore wood surfaces to natural colour using acid and neutralisers
• may hand polish and restore antique furniture

Tasks Include:

• confers with clients or supervisors to determine style, size, materials and cost for furniture items
• measures and cuts covering and padding materials
• seams cushions and joins sections of covering material
• secures material, padding, springs and webbing to articles to be upholstered
• attaches ornamental trims, braids and buttons to covers or frames
• removes coverings, webbing and padding from old furniture items
• removes and replaces defective springs or installs new ones
• makes and repairs wooden frames
• may finish wooden surfaces on furniture
• may remove stains from fabric

Tasks Include:

• tests piping systems for gas appliances
• installs piping systems for combustible gases
• installs gas appliances and ancillary equipment
• installs appliance flues
• installs gas pressure regulating devices and gas detection systems
• provides consumer about the operation and maintenance of appliances
• installs Liquified Petroleum Gas systems in caravans and marine craft
• undertakes maintenance of gas appliances
• may maintain pipes, appliances, flues and ancillary equipment associated with the use of fuel gases

Tasks Include:

• assesses job requirements and studies rough stones using magnifying equipment
• marks out cutting guidelines with ink and stylus
• cuts or divides stones to approximate final shape, using precision hand and power tools and jigs
• secures stones and shapes, cuts angles, smooths and polishes
• checks cutting progress and accuracy
• resecures cut stones and applies fine polishing equipment
• may polish stones in tumblers

Tasks Include:

• examines drawings, specifications and work areas to determine positioning and connections for equipment to be installed
• attaches wires and cables to appliances
• locates faults in telecommunications equipment using instruments such as ohmmeters, voltmeters, ammeters and digital and analogue transmission measuring equipment
• adjusts, replaces and repairs faulty items of line concentrating equipment, telephone exchanges, telephone installation centres and fault control centres
• repairs telephones and telecommunications equipment in homes, or installs computerised switchboards and commanders in offices
• tests equipment using electronic instruments
• may assist installation of aerial or underground telephone cables or radio antennae
• may install and maintain a full range of mobile radio and personal access radio equipment

Tasks Include:

• examines wiring diagrams and installation areas to plan layout of wiring systems
• responds to break downs, diagnoses and repairs electrical systems and ancillary equipment
• positions and installs electrical switchboards
• installs sheathed cables
• measures, cuts and installs plastic conduit and pulls wires through
• splices, twists and solders wires and applies tape or terminal caps
• connects installed wires to circuit breakers, transformers, timers and other electrical equipment
• installs and connects items such as switches, lighting fixtures and earthing systems
• connects electrical systems to power supply
• tests continuity of circuit
• may install, modify, maintain and repair electrical equipment such as storage heaters, water heaters, lighting, motors, electric signs or switchboards

Tasks Include:

• installs, maintains and repairs electronic instruments and control systems
• examines and tests faulty electronic instruments and control systems and diagnoses faults
• services and tests equipment on industrial sites
• may provide technical advice to clients or staff
• may estimate cost to install, maintain and repair electronic instruments

Tasks Include:

• reads and interprets drawings and specifications
• cuts, rolls, bends, shapes, moulds, spins, heats or hammers metal products to fabricate parts or sub-assemblies
• heat treats metal parts and components
• sets up and operates welding equipment to complete welding tasks
• fits and assembles metallic components by riveting, bolting, welding, brazing or soldering
• finishes products by cleaning, polishing, filling or bathing them in acidic solutions
• measures quality of fabricated parts or sub-assemblies
• marks out metal stock with reference points and lines and makes templates
• may set up and operate spinning lathes to spin shaped articles from sheet or structural metal
• may plan, lay out and fabricate mould patterns for producing metal castings and form sand moulds and cores for the production of metal castings

Tasks Include:

• conducts site assessments and soil analyses
• prepares and maintains seedbeds and growing sites
• propagates and plants trees, bushes and hedges, flowers and bulbs
• prepares lawn areas by spreading top soil and planting grass, or by laying instant turf
• maintains planted and grassed areas by weeding, trimming, fertilising, watering and mowing
• identifies and treats weeds, pests and diseases
• prunes trees and hedges, and installs plant support and protection devices
• installs, operates and maintains drainage and irrigation systems
• may grow and maintain indoor plants and conservatory displays
• may construct features and facilities within gardens, such as paths or paved areas, rockeries, ponds and water features, and planter boxes

Tasks Include:

• directs the policy and operations of a company, authority or institution for the achievement of policy objectives, increased profit and market control
• determines organisation objectives, policies and programs and sets standards and targets
• appraises the activities of institutions according to strategies and objectives, and monitors and evaluates performance
• provides overall direction and management of enterprises, including personnel, technological resources and assets
• consults with subordinate staff and reviews recommendations and reports
• prepares or arranges the preparation of reports, budgets and forecasts and presents them to governing bodies
• ensures the security and development of assets and resources
• represents organisations in negotiations, at conventions, seminars and official occasions, and liaises between areas of responsibility and with other organisations
• selects or approves the selection of senior staff
• authorises funds to implement policies and programs
• may undertake responsibility for some or all of accounting, sales, marketing, personnel and other specialist operations in smaller establishments

Tasks Include:

• reads and interprets drawings and specifications
• sets up and adjusts metalworking machines and equipment
• operates machines to produce parts or tools by turning, boring, milling, planing, shaping, slotting, grinding or drilling metal stock or components
• fits and assembles metal parts, tools or sub-assemblies, including welding or brazing parts
• cuts, threads, bends and installs fluid power pipes and lines
• checks accuracy and quality of finished parts, tools or sub-assemblies
• fabricates tools, dies, plastic moulds and jigs, or lays out and finishes cavities in die blocks
• dismantles faulty tools and assemblies and repairs or replaces defective parts
• may control electroplating processes and maintains solutions to coat metal articles or other parts with non-ferrous metals
• may program, set up and operate computer and numerically controlled machines

Tasks Include:

• conducts examinations and questions patients to determine the nature of disorders or illnesses and records patients' medical information
• orders and performs laboratory tests, X-rays and other diagnostic images and procedures and analyses findings
• provides overall care for patients and prescribes and administers treatments, medications and other remedial measures
• inoculates patients to prevent communicable diseases
• advises patients on diet, exercise, hygiene and other health matters
• provides pre and post-natal care
• reports births, deaths and notifiable diseases to government authorities
• refers patients to medical specialists and exchanges relevant medical details
• arranges the admission of patients to hospital
• may deliver babies or perform minor surgical procedures

Tasks Include:

• sets out and installs hot and cold water systems and associated equipment
• installs fire hydrants and hose reel systems
• designs sanitary plumbing and water supply systems including residential sprinkler systems
• installs discharge pipes and sanitary fixtures
• fabricates and installs soil and waste stacks
• installs sewerage and effluent pumping equipment and disposal systems
• installs below-ground drainage systems and associated ground support systems
• assembles and installs mechanical services machinery, air handling and conditioning equipment and small bore heating systems
• fabricates and installs rainwater goods and flashings
• may install roof and wall cladding
• may install and maintain approved domestic and commercial appliances and ancillary equipment

Tasks Include:

• conducts studies of the structure, nature and formation of the earth's crust and of the minerals contained in it
• studies and dates fossils and rock strata to develop knowledge of the evolution and biology of life forms, or to assess their commercial applications
• studies the effects of natural events such as erosion, sedimentation, earthquakes and volcanic activity on the formation of the earth's surface and sea beds
• examines and analyses geological specimens, rock cores, cuttings and samples using optical, chemical, electronic and mechanical techniques
• interprets remote sensing data to identify geological formations and anomalous areas for prospective exploration
• determines the economic viability of extracting mineral resources in cooperation with other professionals and the possible impact on the geological environment of development proposals
• determines the environmental impact of resource extraction proposals
• interprets research data from laboratory studies or exploration and prepares geological reports and maps
• prepares or supervises the preparation of laboratory reports and scientific papers
• supervises the work of technical officers, technicians and survey hands

Tasks Include:

• conducts surveys of variations in the earth's gravitational and magnetic fields to determine its physical features
• investigates the propagation of seismic waves to determine the structure and stability of the earth's mantle and crust
• studies the causes of earthquakes and other stress states of the earth's crust
• performs laboratory and field studies, and airborne, ground and drill hole surveys
• analyses and interprets data from studies to assist in locating water, petroleum or mineral-bearing structures and determining the structure, composition and evolution of sub-surface rocks
• investigates the physical properties of rocks under laboratory conditions
• prepares or supervises the preparation of laboratory reports and scientific papers
• may supervise and coordinate the work of technical officers and technicians
• may study the physical aspects of oceans such as density, temperature, salinity, water circulation, light and sound transmission

Tasks Include:

• consults with clients to determine time frames, budgets and other objectives
• analyses clients' needs, undertakes research and plans presentation of material
• prepares concepts and illustrations or other visual representation of final material
• submits designs to clients for approval
• prepares notes and instructions for finishing artists to assemble and prepares final artwork for printing, display or electronic use
• reviews final layout and suggests changes and improvements through proofing stages
• may advise on the photography and reproduction of illustrations or other graphics

Tasks Include:

• operates graphic cameras or other photographic equipment to reproduce camera ready copy onto films
• operates plate making equipment to reproduce images from film to printing plates
• operates computer screen based equipment for scanning, colour separation, colour correction, masking, creative design, combining, imposing, retouching, or other processes used to transfer copy to film and produce film for plate or cylinder productions
• develops film manually or by film processor
• carries out dot etching, retouching, planning, combining, colour correction, colour separation, opaquing or stripping
• carries out chemical proofing from negative or positive film
• prints proofs and checks them for quality
• prepares and exposes carbon tissue for laying on cylinders by transfer method, then develops images
• chrome-plates, polishes and coats cylinders with light sensitive coatings
• produces film positives or negatives, or bromides, by contact printing

Tasks Include:

• prepares seedbeds for new turf
• establishes and maintains turf by watering with sprinkler systems, oversowing or overseeding damaged areas, and repairing green damage with sods
• mows, rolls and levels turf
• pegs and marks out lines and logos, installs nets, posts and stumps, and places sports equipment on playing areas
• replants, repairs, aerates, fertilises and top dresses lawns
• operates, maintains and adjusts hand and power driven equipment
• constructs cricket wickets, tennis courts, bowling, croquet or golf greens
• installs and maintains synthetic surfaces
• may maintain buildings, fences and surrounding gardens

Tasks Include:

• provides advice on hair care, beauty products and hairstyles
• provides treatments such as shampooing, colouring or scalp conditioning
• cuts, styles and straightens hair
• shaves and trims beards and moustaches
• arranges appointments and collects payments
• cleans work areas and instruments
• may provide services such as manicures, facials, eyelash and eyebrow tinting, make up, wax treatments and ear piercing
• may clean, colour, cut and style wigs and hairpieces

Tasks Include:

• plans menus and advises chefs and cooks on sizes of portions and servings
• reviews labour and food costs and arranges menus according to budgets
• confers with customers regarding plans for special occasions, such as weddings and banquets
• arranges for equipment purchases and repairs
• examines supplies of foodstuffs to ensure quality
• consults with establishment management to discuss problems and plans
• demonstrates techniques and advises on cooking procedures
• may perform the tasks of a Chef

Tasks Include:

• organises and allocates work and assesses task performance
• monitors, reviews and reports on changing conditions to management
• implements and monitors purchasing plans
• provides on-the-job training
• plans establishment of new areas and develops environmental management strategies
• conducts site analyses and designs soil profiles
• plans planting and maintenance programs
• trials species, treatments and applications
• develops plant health, weed, pest and disease control programs

Tasks Include:

• reviews prescriptions to ensure that correct doses have been prescribed, and that the substances prescribed are compatible
• prepares or supervises the preparation of liquid medicines, ointments, powders, tablets and other medications
• compounds prescribed medicines, packages and labels them, and issues them in accordance with strict control procedures
• maintains stocks and orders supplies of drugs and medicines and maintains inventories of pharmaceuticals
• maintains control records of narcotics, poisons and habit forming drugs
• stores and preserves vaccines, serums and other drugs
• provides advice and information on the use and effects of medications
• advises medical practitioners on drug incompatibility and contra-indications
• may supervise others and manage the pharmacy as a business

Tasks Include:

• oversees reservation, reception, room service and housekeeping activities
• plans and supervises entertainment activities
• supervises security arrangements, and garden and property maintenance
• plans and supervises bar, restaurant, function and conference activities
• observes liquor, gaming and other laws and regulations
• assesses and reviews customer satisfaction and preferences
• oversees accounting and purchasing activities
• ensures compliance with occupational health and safety regulations
• may provide guests with local tourism information, arrange tours and transportation
• may manage the entire range of services provided by the establishment or may manage a specialised service area

Tasks Include:

• directs the formulation of human resource management strategies, policies and plans to meet business needs
• advises and assists managers in applying sound recruitment and selection practices and appropriate induction, training and development programs
• develops and implements performance management systems, to plan, appraise and improve individual and team performance
• represents the organisation in negotiations with unions and employees, to determine remuneration and other conditions of employment
• oversees the maintenance of personnel records and various human resource information system requirements
• coordinates occupational health and safety programs and practices, develops equal employment opportunity programs, and ensures compliance with related legislative requirements
• oversees the application of redundancy and other employee retrenchment policies
• monitors employment costs and productivity levels
• may train and advise other managers in personnel and industrial relations matters

Tasks Include:

• examines assignment brief and related material, and prepares layouts and sketches of proposed illustrations
• determines style, technique and medium to produce the desired effects and conform with reproduction requirements
• conceives and renders illustrations and details from models, sketches or imagination
• uses pens, ink, charcoal, crayons, paint and other materials to create drawings and illustrations
• discusses and amends illustrations with clients and production team at various stages of completion
• uses computers to develop and enhance illustrations
• illustrates children's books, scientific work, technical manuals, reference books and other publications
• may specialise in product packaging, corporate, medical or architectural illustration
• may prepare series of drawings to illustrate an animated sequence in a television or film production

Tasks Include:

• undertakes research and development to determine requirements for products
• develops specifications for product design in terms of cost, availability of materials, methods of production, new technology, safety, marketing and business objectives
• prepares sketches showing style, shape, size and general appearance of products
• creates models of products for mass production
• supervises others making models and patterns of products
• produces technical drawings, schematic diagrams and reports of products to communicate manufacturing details to manufacturers
• uses design software to prepare sketches and specifications on computer
• may modify design to meet manufacturing or cost requirements

Tasks Include:

• studies functional statements, organisational charts and project information, to determine functions and responsibilities of workers and work units and to identify areas of duplication
• establishes work measurement programs and analyses work samples to develop standards for labour utilisation
• analyses workforce utilisation, facility layout, operational data, and production schedules and costs to determine optimum worker and equipment efficiencies
• liaises with statutory bodies responsible for environmental laws
• investigates material waste, restructures job functions and recommends work area relocations and equipment purchases
• implements quality management procedures
• may develop management and other systems for job evaluation, cost analysis, financial planning and wage or salary administration

Tasks Include:

• analyses information needs, and specifies technology to meet those needs
• directs the formulation of information technology strategies, policies and plans
• directs the selection and installation of information technology and the provision of user training
• directs information technology operations, integrating computer hardware, operating systems, communications, software applications and data processing
• sets priorities between system developments, maintenance and operations
• controls the security of information technology systems
• controls the selection and training of computing professionals and support technicians and manages their performance
• monitors the operations of electronic information technology systems and develops improvements

Tasks Include:

• determines organisational and client intelligence requirements
• organises the collection, collation and analysis of data and develops intelligence information
• compiles and disseminates intelligence information using briefings, maps, charts, reports and other methods
• ascertains the accuracy of data collected and reliability of sources
• maintains manual and computer-based intelligence databases
• conducts threat and risk assessments
• may conduct security surveys and inspections of buildings, installations, activities and personnel
• may produce counter-intelligence information
• may participate in field work as part of an interdisciplinary team

Tasks Include:

• consults with clients to determine needs, preferences and expectations
• analyses functional requirements, desired effect and purpose of the interior
• sketches plans of areas showing arrangement of space, furniture and accessories
• estimates costs and materials required and presents plans and quotes to clients for approval
• selects or recommends purchases of decorative and functional materials and accessories such as furniture, lighting fixtures and paintings
• directs workers engaged in on-site implementation of proposed scheme
• uses computer-aided design systems as part of the design process and for consultation with clients
• designs original furnishings and joinery to conform with proposed scheme
• may work with architects in the preparation of plans
• may design interiors for ships, aircraft or other transport vehicles

Tasks Include:

• studies designs and specifications for jewellery
• prepares wax moulds and pours molten precious metal into moulds for jewellery
• shapes moulded metal by cutting, filing, beating, turning and bending, using specialised hand and power tools
• secures precious stones in retaining prongs or ridges and smooths and checks final settings
• assembles articles by soldering, screwing together or otherwise attaching parts
• finishes articles using files, emery paper or buffing machines
• repairs jewellery by soldering, replacing or rebuilding worn and broken parts
• examines designs, shapes mountings and decorates and finishes jewellery settings
• appraises the quality and value of jewellery
• restyles old jewellery
• may design jewellery

Tasks Include:

• assembles prepared timber to form structures and fittings ready to install
• cuts timber joints
• cuts timber to template size and shape
• may repair existing fittings
• may work with plastic laminates, perspex or metals
• may fit aluminium window frames, and glaze windows of units for sectional timber buildings

Tasks Include:

• researches and advises on the administration and use of land and property
• analyses land and property investment proposals
• manages land and property portfolios
• provides a consultancy service for land and property financing
• manages commercial property developments
• develops and implements sales and leasing proposals for commercial land and property
• may provide asset management of land and property including associated plant and machinery
• may provide advice on property law

Tasks Include:

• consults with associated professionals and clients on matters concerning external area designs, costs and construction
• compiles and analyses site and community data on geographical aspects, ecology of area land forms, soils, vegetation, site hydrology, visual characteristics and human-made structures
• formulates land use and development recommendations and prepares environmental impact statements
• undertakes studies related to historical and conservation aspects of areas, site character analyses and feasibility planning
• prepares reports, site plans, working drawings, specifications and cost estimates for land development showing location and details of proposals, including ground modelling, structures, vegetation and access
• prepares and advises on contracts
• inspects construction work in progress to ensure compliance with plans and quality standards
• advises on landscape problems concerned with environmental planning

Tasks Include:

• prepares plans and drawings, and schedules landscape construction
• prepares specifications and quotations
• prepares areas for landscape constructions by analysing sites and clearing debris
• estimates and orders landscaping materials
• selects materials and plants to create landscapes
• sets out and installs hardscape and softscape structures
• constructs or refaces steps, garden walls, fences, trellises, pergolas, ponds and fountains
• constructs and installs facilities such as ferneries, barbecues, play structures and garden furniture
• constructs paths, steps and paved areas with paving materials, gravels and timber
• performs formative pruning

Tasks Include:

• makes recommendations on library policies and services and implements policy decisions
• examines publications and materials, interviews publishers' representatives and consults with others to select library materials
• reviews, evaluates and modifies services in response to user needs
• provides assistance to clients in accessing library resources
• undertakes information research activities on behalf of clients
• manages the organisation's central records system and supervises indexing, filing and retrieval activities
• selects, orders, classifies and catalogues materials
• manages inter-library loan systems and information networks
• monitors collection development and culling programs
• may plan and direct library promotion and outreach activities
• may supervise and train library staff

Tasks Include:

• orders new library materials and maintains library records
• maintains library circulation systems
• catalogues printed and recorded material
• searches and verifies bibliographic data
• enters data into databases and edits computer records
• assists librarians to answer inquiries
• operates audiovisual equipment and performs simple maintenance
• produces display and publicity material
• operates reprographic equipment
• arranges inter-library loans under supervision

Tasks Include:

• interprets specifications and drawings and lays out lift site
• installs guides and verifies alignment of lifts
• installs cables, counterweights, pumps, motor foundations, escalator drives, elevator cars, doors, entrance frames and control panels
• installs safety and control devices
• connects lift wiring
• tests and adjusts lift assemblies, components, controls and safety devices
• conducts maintenance programs on lifts and escalators
• diagnoses and repairs faults in lifts
• repairs lift brakes

Tasks Include:

• determines customer's security requirements by discussion and site inspection
• designs or recommends security and locking systems
• fits and installs locks and security systems and devices
• diagnoses, modifies, repairs or replaces locks and security systems and devices
• tests performance of locks and security systems
• cuts new or duplicate keys for locks and other security systems and devices
• opens locked safes, doors or padlocks by manipulation
• may install and repair computerised security systems and devices
• may keep records of specifications of installed locking systems
• may fabricate, fit and assemble parts for customised locks and security systems
• may estimate costs and prepare quotes for repairs

Tasks Include:

• plans and undertakes experiments to study, measure and understand marine animals and plants
• examines the relationships between marine animals, plants and water quality factors such as salinity, temperature and oxygen content
• advises on commercial applications of marine research such as aquaculture and fisheries
• prepares or supervises the preparation of laboratory reports and scientific papers
• may supervise technicians or other experimental staff

Tasks Include:

• assesses and treats specific soft tissue dysfunction and provides rehabilitation advice
• massages injured and inactive soft tissues of the body to assist in the healing process
• massages the soft tissues of the body to relax the client and lessen tension
• uses techniques such as muscle stretching in the treatment of sporting injuries
• may employ other techniques, such as acupressure or Shiatsu, and complimentary aids such as infra red lamps, wet compresses, ice, essential oils and herbal and mineral therapies, to assist recovery

Tasks Include:

• reviews plans for new products and submits material selection recommendations in accordance with design specifications and factors such as strength, weight and cost
• plans and implements laboratory operations, to develop material and fabrication procedures for new materials, to fulfil product cost and performance standards
• prepares reports of materials studied
• confers with producers of materials, such as metals, ceramics, polymers, cements and elastomers during the investigation and evaluation of materials suitable for specific product applications
• reviews product failure data and interprets laboratory tests, to establish or reject possible cause and advises on ways to overcome any problem
• may conduct scientific studies for understanding, characterising and developing materials
• may guide technical staff engaged in developing materials for specific use in proposed products or devices

Tasks Include:

• designs mechanical equipment, machinery, components, products for manufacture; and plant and systems for construction
• develops specifications for manufacture, determining materials, equipment, piping, material flows, capacities and layout of plant or systems
• organises and manages project labour and the delivery of materials, plant and equipment
• establishes detailed programs for the coordination of project activities
• sets up work control systems to ensure that standards of performance, quality, cost and safety are met
• administers contracts and verifies and certifies satisfactory completion
• supervises the functioning of manufacturing process plants such as coal handling installations, power station steam generating systems, and sewerage and water supply pumping stations
• supervises in consultation with other engineers the testing and commissioning of completed works
• may specialise in research in areas such as utilisation of energy, materials handling, thermodynamic processes, fluid mechanics and environmental controls

Tasks Include:

• assists mechanical engineers and engineering technologists in the design of mechanical equipment and plant
• ensures that designs and finished work are within specifications, regulations and contract provisions
• performs or directs field and laboratory testing
• collects and analyses data, carries out complex computations and prepares diagrams
• prepares drawings, plans and designs for mechanical engineering work under the direction of mechanical engineers and engineering technologists
• estimates material costs, quantities and machinery requirements
• selects tools and equipment
• organises and supervises inspection and maintenance of machinery and plant

Tasks Include:

• assembles and installs new or modified mechanical assemblies, components, machine tools, controls and hydraulic power systems under the direction of mechanical engineers, engineering technologists and engineering associates
• performs workshop and field tests using standard instruments and methods
• assists in developing quality control tests for products and components

Tasks Include:

• fabricates and installs piping for steam, water and other services
• installs small bore heating systems
• installs ducting constructed from sheet materials for heating, ventilation and airconditioning (HVAC) systems and exhaust systems
• assembles and installs fabricated components and equipment for mechanical services
• assembles and installs machinery, air handling equipment and unitary air- conditioning equipment
• installs flexible duct systems and air terminal devices
• may install non-flammable medical gas systems
• may carry out basic commissioning of air and water systems
• may install thermal or acoustic insulation materials to ducting, piping or air handling equipment
• may carry out leak testing of duct systems
• may carry out maintenance of mechanical services and airconditioning equipment

Tasks Include:

• manages organisations and departments responsible for health service delivery, within the authority of a chief executive officer, statutory board, area health service or central health authority
• controls administrative operations, such as budget planning, and service and facility planning
• develops policies and procedures for relevant organisational activities
• represents the organisation to external bodies
• provides medico-legal services to the employing institution
• maintains quality, standards and discipline in relevant areas of medical practice in the institution

Tasks Include:

• performs medical imaging on patients according to referral from medical practitioners
• calculates details of procedures such as length and intensity of exposure to radiation and settings of recording equipment
• explains procedures to patients
• positions patients and equipment to carry out procedures
• produces electronic or medical images performed by equipment such as X-ray machines, scanners, fluoroscopes and ultrasound machines for use by medical practitioners in the diagnosis of disease or injury
• assists surgeons by using radiographic equipment in operating theatres to produce immediate results

Tasks Include:

• undertakes or assists with analytical procedures in the disciplines of clinical biochemistry, haematology, medical microbiology, histology, and clinical immunology
• observes and interprets the morphological features of peripheral blood smears in consultation with medical scientists
• prepares and stains slides for microscopic examination
• performs diagnostic tests on tissues and body fluids
• maintains and calibrates laboratory equipment and instrumentation
• maintains quality assurance procedures undertaken in the laboratory
• may supervise laboratory staff
• may supervise or assist with specimen collection
• may undertake pharmaceutical testing and analysis

Tasks Include:

• analyses samples of body tissue and fluids to develop techniques to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases
• prepares tissue sections for microscopic examination
• examines and analyses samples to study the effects of microbial infections
• advises medical practitioners on the interpretation of tests and methods for use in the diagnosis and treatment of disease
• prepares scientific papers and reports
• may test potential new chemicals for use as therapeutic treatments
• may supervise the work of technical officers

Tasks Include:

• makes full-size section drawings on layout boards to assist in planning for construction and moulding of patterns
• makes core boxes for sand cores, and fits and fastens parts to form patterns or sections
• applies parting agents to patterns and positions vents to allow gases to escape
• fills boxes with sand and packs it in place using hand ramming tools or pneumatic hammers
• sets lower half of pattern on moulding boards and encloses with frame of lower half of moulding boxes
• turns moulding boxes over and secures top half of pattern, and fixes top half of moulding box and repeats moulding operation
• pours molten metal into moulds
• separates moulding boxes, removes patterns, and trims, smooths and shapes surfaces of castings
• repairs or rebuilds worn or broken patterns and mould surfaces
• finishes patterns by applying shellac, lacquer, paint or other finish
• may carry out sweep moulding by rotating templates to scrape moulds to circular shapes

Tasks Include:

• studies drawings or specifications to determine job requirements
• selects, cleans and prepares metal stock, fabrication tools and equipment
• cuts, rolls, bends, shapes, moulds, spins, heats or hammers metal products to fabricate parts or sub-assemblies
• fits and assembles metal components by riveting, bolting, welding, brazing or soldering
• finishes products by cleaning, polishing, filing or bathing them in acidic solutions
• measures quality of fabricated parts or sub-assemblies
• may set up and operate spinning lathes to spin shaped articles from sheet or structural metal
• may plan, layout and fabricate mould patterns or templates for producing metal castings or articles

Tasks Include:

• studies drawings or specifications to determine suitable materials, and methods and sequences of operations, using knowledge of metal properties, machining techniques and workshop mathematics
• lifts or hoists and secures metal stock onto machine tools, and measures and marks out reference points using measuring instruments
• selects cutting tools and speed, pressure and depth of cuts
• adjusts guides, stops and controls on machine tools to ensure that stock is machined to specifications
• operates machine tools to produce articles by turning, boring, milling, planing, shaping, slotting, grinding or drilling metal stock
• controls the flow of lubricant on to cutting tool edges or surfaces
• may clean, lubricate and maintain machine tools
• may sharpen or true-cut tools or machining surfaces
• may use tracer attachments to copy model workpieces
• may machine non-metallic materials, such as plastic
• may set up, program and operate numerically controlled machine tools

Tasks Include:

• polishes and buffs sheet and other metal using processes such as emery buffing, grease mopping, burnishing and scratch brushing
• selects continuous abrasive bands or polishing heads, such as wire brushes, wheels or bobs of felt, leather or fibre, or polishing mops of calico, cotton or chamois
• positions and attaches polishing heads to machines
• sets controls to regulate speeds and angles of polishing heads and feed rate of lubricants
• dresses polishing heads with abrasives or finishing materials such as emery, grease or rouge, or applies buffing compounds to surfaces to be polished
• operates controls to rotate polishing heads
• holds surfaces against polishing heads until desired finishes are obtained
• removes imperfections or polishes less accessible areas by hand

Tasks Include:

• obtains, measures and prepares samples for testing
• subjects materials to test procedures often using complex equipment under the direction of metallurgists and other professionals
• analyses, records and reports results
• compiles charts, graphs and other data for reports
• sets up, operates and cleans laboratory and other scientific equipment

Tasks Include:

• inspects mining operations to ensure safety requirements of the Mines Regulation Act are met
• ensures roadways and machinery are in safe condition
• conducts tests to detect the presence of gas and ensure underground ventilation is adequate
• oversees the storage and use of explosives
• supervises mine workers in underground or open cut mines
• reports to mine managers on necessary improvements to efficiency or safety

Tasks Include:

• conducts preliminary surveys of mineral deposits, with geologists or prospectors to determine the feasibility of ore extraction
• determines the most suitable methods of ore extraction taking account of such factors as depth of over burden, and attitude and physical characteristics of deposits and surrounding strata
• determines the safety of processes, order of extraction, safety of mine walls, evaluates the risk of slippage and advises on the prevention of slippage and rock falls
• prepares plans for tunnels and chambers, location and construction of mine shafts, layout of mine development, and the application of appropriate mining techniques often using computer modelling
• plans and coordinates the utilisation of labour and equipment consistent with efficiency, statutory, safety and environmental conditions
• conducts formal and informal reviews of mining operations
• prepares operation and project estimates and controls expenditure when mines come into production
• consults with geologists and other engineers on the design, selection and provision of machines, facilities and systems for mining, infrastructure such as access roads, water and power supplies, and protection or restoration of the environment

Tasks Include:

• diagnoses faults in motor vehicles
• raises vehicles, using hydraulic hoists or jacks
• dismantles or removes engine assemblies, transmissions, steering mechanisms or other components, and checks parts
• repairs or replaces worn or defective parts, and reassembles mechanical components
• tests and adjusts repaired sub-assemblies, and re-installs them
• services or overhauls engines
• tunes engines to achieve smoother running and ensure compliance with pollution regulations
• re-lines and adjusts brakes and aligns wheels
• changes oil and filters, and lubricates vehicles or fuelled motor appliances
• may inspect vehicles and issue roadworthiness certificates or detail work required to achieve roadworthiness

Tasks Include:

• questions and examines patients to determine the nature of the disorder or illness
• records patients' medical information
• uses treatment applications such as herbal medicine, homeopathic medicine, nutritional supplements or massage therapy to relieve patients' disorders or illnesses
• provides dietary guidelines and prescribes foods and nutritional supplements
• may examine patients' iris to determine state of health

Tasks Include:

• studies design proposals and specifications, to establish the basic characteristics of marine craft, such as size, weight, speed, propulsion, armament, cargo, displacement, draft, crew and passenger complements, and fresh or salt water service
• oversees construction and the testing of prototype models
• develops sectional and waterline curves of hulls to establish centre of gravity, ideal hull form and buoyancy and stability data
• designs complete hull and superstructures according to specifications and test data to conform with standards of safety, efficiency and economy
• designs the layout of craft interiors, including cargo space and passenger compartments
• confers with other engineers about propulsion, heating, ventilation systems and other functional equipment
• evaluates performance of craft during dock and sea trials
• determines design changes and conformity with national and international standards

Tasks Include:

• performs laboratory procedures and practices, including blood and specimen collection, cell labelling, radioimmuno assays and quality control testing
• prepares radiopharmaceuticals for use in scintigraphic, laboratory or therapeutic procedures
• uses computer systems to acquire, manipulate and process patient data, carry out quality controls and develop new programs
• receives, handles, stores and disposes of radionuclides in accordance with safety regulations
• operates nuclear instrumentation
• selects appropriate equipment to be used and positions patients
• conveys findings of procedures to medical practitioners

Tasks Include:

• prepares potting media and containers before planting
• selects seeds, bulbs or cuttings and plants them in beds, lawn areas or tubs
• performs budding or grafting activities
• waters plants manually and controls automatic watering operations
• applies pesticides to control pests, diseases, weeds and nutritional and environmental plant disorders
• keeps records of soil mixtures, plantings, treatments, losses and yields
• selects plants and packages them for presentation or delivery
• advises customers on the care of plants and the most appropriate plants for local conditions
• may plan sales area layouts and visual merchandise presentation

Tasks Include:

• examines patients to determine medical problems, using physical findings, diagnostic images, laboratory test results, and patient's statements as diagnostic aids
• prescribes medication, suggests methods of improving hygiene, and determines need for gynaecological surgery
• provides supporting therapy and preparation for childbirth and lactation
• examines blood pressure and urine, monitors the developing foetus and gives advice on nutrition and exercise
• treats complications such as hypertension, infection, depression or threatened abortion
• delivers babies, and performs Caesarean sections and other surgical procedures
• discusses and prescribes contraceptive methods
• may provide advice on sex education, family planning and the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases
• arranges follow up care of babies by family practitioners, child health clinics and consultant paediatricians

Tasks Include:

• develops strategies and procedures to promote safe work practices
• recommends job redesign strategies and procedures in the event of work-related health problems
• develops fire and accident prevention procedures, and coordinates evacuation drills
• promotes the use of ergonomic furniture and equipment to minimise exposure to work-related injuries
• inspects and assesses industrial machinery and equipment and chemical hazards, arranging repair or replacement as needed
• organises training for members of occupational health and safety committees, fire wardens and first aid officers, and coordinates health and safety education programs
• liaises with health professionals to incorporate expert advice into accident prevention, health promotion and rehabilitation practices
• investigates causes of accidents and recommends actions to reduce risk of recurrence
• maintains accident statistics and fulfills workers' compensation reporting requirements
• advises and assists injured staff on recuperative and rehabilitation activities

Tasks Include:

• conducts tests to evaluate and assess emotional, psychological developmental and physical capabilities
• tests and trains patients with perceptual motor problems, learning or developmental disabilities
• assesses and trains people with disabilities in self-care and daily living activities and provides aids and adaptations to assist performance, independence and productivity
• assesses patients' vocational potential and provides work adjustment training and work experience
• plans and directs programs through the use of vocational, recreational, remedial, social and educational activities, conducted on an individual or group basis
• records patients' activities, responses and progress

Tasks Include:

• liaises with vineyard personnel or contract growers to provide grapes for processing
• examines grape samples to assess ripeness, sugar and acid content, and determines suitability for processing
• coordinates wine-making processes, directing workers in testing and crushing grapes, fermenting juices, and fortifying, clarifying, maturing and finishing wines
• blends wines according to formulae or knowledge of wine-making techniques
• arranges bottling of wines on site or at other premises
• may arrange local and export sales of wines

Tasks Include:

• develops and maintains recording and information systems
• oversees and controls office functions
• arranges office accommodation
• liaises with other departments in the organisation
• ensures compliance with occupational health and safety regulations
• trains and supervises staff
• may deal with inquiries from outside the organisation, particularly complaints
• may deal with salary, termination and other employment matters

Tasks Include:

• examines patients for symptoms indicative of ocular disorders
• performs tests to determine vision loss and the nature and extent of injury, disease or disorder
• performs eye surgery
• instructs patients in remedial eye exercises
• prescribes and administers medications and corrective optical appliances
• may arrange, supervise and fit artificial eyes and other orthotic

Tasks Include:

• interprets prescription details and produces or selects prescribed lenses
• locates and marks axes and optical centres on lens blanks, makes calculations to grind lenses to specifications and sets machines
• checks and tests polished lenses for quality
• grinds special shape and size lenses and multifocal lenses which include bifocal, trifocal and progressive lenses
• modifies frames, edges lenses and fits glasses and contact lenses
• applies lens treatments such as toughening of glass lenses and tinting of plastic lenses

Tasks Include:

• examines patients' eyes and sets visual tests to determine the nature and extent of vision problems and abnormalities
• prescribes and may dispense lenses, contact lenses and low vision aids and check suitability and comfort
• detects, diagnoses and manages eye disease and refers patients to, and receives referrals from other health providers
• provides advice on visual issues such as contact lens care, vision-care of the elderly, optics, visual ergonomics, occupational and industrial eye safety and research
• may dispense lenses, contact lenses and low vision aids
• may advise patients on eye exercises to correct defective eye muscles and on lighting and visual habits

Tasks Include:

• conducts job analyses and establishes job requirements by observing and interviewing employees and managers
• develops interview techniques, psychological tests and other aids in selection, placement, appraisal and promotion
• organises the design and implementation of staff training and development programs
• provides individuals with vocational and career guidance using tests and other assessment techniques
• uses statistical techniques to analyse and evaluate selection, training, job design and other organisational procedures
• conducts surveys and research studies on job design, work groups, morale, motivation, supervision and management
• provides counselling sessions for employees with work-related problems
• may advise management or unions on occupational health, organisational design or industrial relations problems

Tasks Include:

• diagnoses, treats, manages and prevents medical and developmental disorders in children and adolescents
• promotes positive health and disease prevention in childhood and adolescence
• advises on immunisation against communicable diseases
• advises about preventative health practices
• liaises with other health, education and welfare agencies
• may practice as a general paediatrician or specialise in areas such as paediatric oncology, paediatric cardiology or paediatric neurology

Tasks Include:

• erects scaffolding and ladders, and places drop sheets to protect adjacent areas from paint splattering
• prepares surfaces by removing old paint and wallpaper, fixing woodwork, filling holes and cracks, and smoothing and sealing surfaces
• selects and prepares paints to required colours by mixing portions of pigment, oil, thinning and drying additives
• applies paints, varnishes or stains to surfaces using brushes, rollers or sprays
• hangs wallpaper
• cleans equipment and work areas
• may repair windows and replace glass in wooden and metal frames
• may lay and repair wall and floor tiles

Tasks Include:

• removes damaged panels and parts, or removes upholstery and accessories to gain access
• uses panel-beating hammers to remove dents
• straightens damaged vehicles and parts using mechanical and hydraulic equipment
• fills depressions with plastic filler, and files, grinds and sands repaired surfaces
• repairs panels by welding on new sections
• may assist vehicle body builders in constructing or restoring custom-designed, vintage or other specialty vehicles
• may spray-paint vehicles
• may form panels using metal presses, guillotines and cutters, according to dimensional drawings

Tasks Include:

• weighs and mixes ingredients, and prepares pastry fillings and shapes pastry goods
• kneads, matures, cuts, moulds and shapes pastry dough and operates dough baking and rolling equipment
• controls mixing times and transfers dough to tempering rooms
• glazes buns and pastries, and decorates cakes with cream or icing
• monitors forming machines for crumpets, muffins and wafers
• operates machines which roll and mould dough or cut biscuits
• loads buns, pastries and cakes into ovens, and unloads cooked products
• controls baking times and monitors the temperature and appearance of products
• empties, cleans and greases baking trays, tins and other cooking equipment

Tasks Include:

• studies the nature, cause, development and clinical management of diseases in people, and the structural and functional changes caused by them
• prepares, or supervises the preparation of, tissue sections from surgical and diagnostic cases and autopsies
• examines bodily fluids and tissues for the presence and measurement of chemical substances, microbiological organisms, and chemical and other biological responses to disease processes
• examines tissues using scientific techniques and equipment to determine the nature, cause and progress of disease
• performs autopsies to determine causes of death, the nature and extent of disease and injury, and the effect of treatment
• supervises and coordinates the work of technical officers and technicians
• writes reports of findings for use by other medical practitioners and coroners
• may direct the activities of pathology departments in hospitals, private clinics or laboratories, or other locations

Tasks Include:

• plans and conducts research and provides advice on engineering operations for the exploration, location and extraction of petroleum or natural gas
• determines locations for drilling
• decides on types of derrick and equipment, including seabed platforms
• devises methods of controlling the flow of oil or gas from wells
• compiles logs recording production from flowing wells
• prepares plans of engineering operations and cost estimates
• provides necessary safety procedures and facilities
• consults with geologists, geophysicists and other engineers on the location, design and development of extractive processes
• plans and implements protection and restoration of the environment

Tasks Include:

• performs experiments, tests and analyses to investigate the structure and properties of matter, transformation and propagation of energy, relationships between matter and energy and other physical phenomena, in fields such as mechanics, heat, light, sound, electricity and magnetism, electronics, and nuclear and solid state physics
• performs experiments to discover and develop industrial, medical, military and other practical applications of the laws and theories of physics
• maintains and develops standards for measurements such as length and time
• applies mathematical techniques to express and analyse observations and to formulate conclusions, and relate conclusions to known laws of physics, or proposes new hypotheses to explain them
• prepares or supervises the preparation of scientific papers and reports
• may supervise and coordinate the work of technical officers
• may specialise in one of a number of fields such as atomic, condensed matter, optical, plasma or atmospheric physics

Tasks Include:

• treats patients to reduce pain, improve circulation, strengthen muscles, improve cardio-thoracic, cardio-vascular and respiratory functions, restore joint mobility, improve balance and coordination
• administers muscle, nerve, joint and functional ability tests to identify and assess physical problems of patients
• uses the therapeutic properties of exercise, heat, cold, massage, manipulation, hydrotherapy, electrotherapy, ultraviolet and infra-red light and ultrasound in the treatment of patients
• instructs patients and their families in procedures to be continued at home
• records treatments given and patients' responses and progress
• may refer to or accept referrals from medical practitioners and other health care professionals
• may specialise in sports-related injuries or treatments

Tasks Include:

• carries out surveys and prepares survey reports
• prepares working drawings and specifications
• designs sanitary plumbing and water supply systems including fire service systems
• represents owners, project managers, architects and civil engineers on construction sites to ensure compliance with design specifications
• identifies and solves problems in buildings and civil engineering projects
• assists with the preparation of estimates of quantities and costs of materials and labour required for projects
• may supervise other workers

Tasks Include:

• interprets plumbing specifications, regulations and codes of practice
• inspects plumbing works in progress to ensure compliance with plans, specifications and regulations, and that proper techniques and materials are used
• maintains records of plumbing progress and departures from design drawings or specifications
• provides advice to consumers and tradespersons
• assesses plumbing specifications submitted for approval
• may inspect existing plumbing to assess condition

Tasks Include:

• examines patients' feet to determine the nature and extent of conditions such as skin lesions, bunions, ingrown toenails, foot infections, and deformities such as flat feet, foot imbalance and injury
• examines and treats foot disabilities of paralysis, ulceration and malfunction caused by diseases such as diabetes, peripheral vascular disorders, rheumatoid arthritis and other neuropathies
• prescribes and arranges the fabrication of footwear to correct foot disabilities
• performs minor surgery to remove or ameliorate abnormal conditions
• prescribes and fits replaceable pads, palliative and functional supports and other devices for the protection and correction of foot abnormalities
• advises patients about continued treatment and foot care to prevent recurrences
• may provide rehabilitation services to the physically handicapped
• may refer to, or have patients referred from, medical practitioners

Tasks Include:

• fits and assembles instrument parts and sub-assemblies such as springs, valves, plates, bearings, lenses and glass faces
• calibrates instruments using standard weights and measures, jigs and fixtures and hand tools to adjust and align parts and small balancing weights
• installs industrial instruments and equipment such as control panels, meters and fixed cameras
• overhauls instruments and equipment
• dismantles instruments, and repairs or replaces defective parts
• monitors performance using testing and measuring instruments, and makes adjustments
• records action taken

Tasks Include:

• studies drawings or specifications to determine job requirements
• cleans and prepares metal surfaces by gouging, bevelling, grinding or filing
• cuts metal shapes using thermal cutting equipment
• aligns surfaces to be joined and secures by tack-welding or jigging
• selects welding techniques appropriate to type and thickness of metal
• connects electrode holders to power sources and adjusts controls on electrode holders or welding equipment to regulate currents
• forms arcs which generate heat to melt metal from electrodes, and deposits metal on workpieces to fuse joints
• guides electrodes along weld lines
• cleans and smooths welds by filing, chiselling or grinding, and examines welds for width of bead, penetration and precision
• cuts metal shapes using thermal cutting equipment
• may weld mild steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, aluminium and copper

Tasks Include:

• inspects animals, plants and agricultural produce to identify product quality issues and provides advice to producers
• audits and monitors quality procedures at farms, food handling and food processing facilities to ensure compliance with required standards
• tests samples of produce for quality, size and purity
• ensures that required standards of hygiene are observed at storage, processing and packing facilities and in transport vehicles
• advises primary producers on economic aspects of disease eradication and informs producers and the general public of the health implications of diseases and impurities
• advises on the identification of pests and diseases and on regulations pertaining to grading, packing and loading of products
• may examine imported plants and animals, and products such as timber, seeds and dried fruits and make quarantine arrangements
• may initiate or assist in legal action to enforce regulations

Tasks Include:

• teaches literacy, numeracy, social science, creative expression and physical education skills to primary school students
• develops students' interests, abilities and coordination by way of creative activities
• presents subject matter using a range of teaching techniques and materials
• guides discussions and supervises work in class
• tests and evaluates students for individual progress in written and oral work
• encourages personal development by assisting students to use and develop their capabilities
• discusses students' progress and social, behavioural and learning problems with parents and school counsellors
• maintains attendance records and school discipline
• participates in staff meetings, educational conferences and workshops
• performs extra-curricular tasks such as assisting with sport, school concerts, excursions and special interest programs
• supervises student teachers on placement

Tasks Include:

• produces embossed and embellished products using relief printing presses
• produces posters, leaflets, brochures and books using single or multicolour sheet-fed lithographic presses
• produces packages, stationery, magazines and newspapers using single or multicolour web-fed lithographic presses and in-line finishing systems
• produces packaging materials on a variety of substrates using flexographic or gravure printing presses
• sets and adjusts substrate-feed mechanisms, delivery mechanisms, inking systems and other machine functions
• prepares substrates for loading into feeder mechanisms
• mixes ink and solvents to standard and regulates paper and ink supply during print runs
• monitors press operations to check print quality and detect malfunctions
• undertakes maintenance, adjustment and repair

Tasks Include:

• plans production policy in consultation with other managers
• plans details of production activity in terms of output quality and quantity, cost, time available, and labour requirements
• prepares work programs to achieve planned production and directs production control activities
• controls use of production plant facilities through planning of maintenance, designation of operating hours and supply of parts and tools
• coordinates and directs quality control procedures, and the implementation of safety requirements, and ensures statutory requirements are met
• directs research into new and improved production methods and products
• controls the preparation of production records and reports
• gives advice and information on production to other managers and clients
• recommends and implements initiatives such as new techniques and products, purchases of new machinery and changes in staff levels
• controls, directs and monitors production staff, organises staff selection, training, development and utilisation

Tasks Include:

• directs the formulation of mining production strategies, policies and plans
• plans production schedules and labour and material input requirements to meet output quantity, quality and timing specifications
• ensures conduct of plant maintenance programs and availability of parts and tooling to meet production deadlines
• coordinates the implementation of occupational health and safety requirements
• conducts research and applies new and improved methods and products to mine production
• oversees the acquisition and installation of new machinery
• monitors production costs and adjusts processes and resources to minimise costs
• controls the preparation of production records and reports

Tasks Include:

• establishes standards and policies for installation, modification, quality control, testing, inspection and maintenance, according to engineering principles and safety regulations
• inspects plant to ensure optimum performance is maintained
• directs the maintenance of plant buildings and equipment and coordinates the requirements for new designs, surveys and maintenance schedules
• prepares contracts and specifications for construction and facility acquisitions
• schedules and plans production activities
• tests newly installed machines and equipment to ensure compliance with requirements and specifications

Tasks Include:

• examines clients' drawings and other specifications, prepares and submits tenders, quotes and prices
• arranges submission of plans to local authorities
• builds under contract, or subcontracts specialised building services
• coordinates labour resources, procurement and delivery of materials, plant and equipment
• oversees the standard and progress of subcontractors' work
• arranges building inspections by local authorities
• may arrange drawing-up of plans and specifications
• may consult with architects and associates about building styles, methods and materials
• may estimate quantities of building materials

Tasks Include:

• discusses mental and physical problems with patients to determine the nature and extent of mental, emotional or behavioural disorders
• studies patients' medical and mental histories
• examines patients to determine general physical condition
• orders laboratory tests, imaging, assessment tests and other diagnostic procedures
• examines the results of tests and examinations to determine the most appropriate forms of treatment
• prescribes and administers medication, psychotherapy, or other treatment and rehabilitation programs, and arranges admission to hospitals
• consults and works with other health professionals

Tasks Include:

• prepares preliminary cost estimates from sketches and statements of requirements
• studies architectural and engineering drawings and specifications to estimate total costs
• consults with architects, builders and engineers, financiers, developers and owners
• prepares detailed cost plans and estimates as tools for budgetary control
• prepares material lists, produces bills of quantities for tendering purposes and advises clients on tenders when received
• administers construction contracts and measures and approves progress payments
• monitors changes of design, assesses effects on cost, and measures, values and negotiates variations to designs
• advises on costs of alterations to existing buildings or structures, on various materials and construction methods, and on alternative contractual procedures and clauses
• prepares final cost statements
• may supervise and coordinate the work of building technicians
• may prepare specifications and contract documents

Tasks Include:

• treats patients according to prescriptions from medical oncology specialists
• calculates details of procedures such as length and intensity of exposure to radiation, size and strength of dosage of isotopes and settings of recording equipment
• explains procedures to patients
• positions patients and equipment to carry out procedures
• prepares radioactive materials for use in radiation treatments

Tasks Include:

• examines internal structures and functions of organ systems using X-rays and other radiant energies
• correlates X-ray findings with other examinations and tests, and interprets images to make diagnoses
• writes reports to accompany photographic records for use by other medical practitioners
• treats internal and external growths by X-rays, high energy sources and natural or man-made radio-isotopes
• administers radio-opaque substances to render internal structures and organs visible on X-ray films or fluoroscopic screens

Tasks Include:

• assesses clients' needs and locates properties for consideration
• accepts properties, conducts inspections and advises clients on the merits of the property and terms of sale or lease
• shows properties to buyers and advises vendors of sales and marketing options such as auction or open house
• identifies, catalogues and details land or buildings for sale or lease and arranges the advertising of properties
• may arrange finance, land brokerage, conveyancing and rent collection, and the maintenance of premises
• may advise vendors on property values and asking prices

Tasks Include:

• studies and analyses recreation needs and resources
• develops and implements recreation management policies on behalf of government and community service organisations
• encourages and assists in the implementation of recreation projects and programs through existing organisations such as schools, church bodies and youth organisations
• interprets recreation policies and programs and answers inquiries
• provides technical and professional advice to urban planners and others concerned with the provision of recreation facilities
• advises on requirements for, and procurement of, new equipment and materials, and on the design of new facilities
• prepares or assists with the preparation of budgets
• may recruit, train and supervise recreation or play leaders

Tasks Include:

• establishes job requirements from drawings and specifications, and lays out installation reference points
• drills holes, installs mounting brackets and cuts, bends and threads piping
• installs components such as compressors, motors, condensers, evaporators, switches and gauges, and copper lines for steam, gas, refrigerant, compressed air, fuel, oil and chilled water
• bolts, solders, rivets, welds or brazes pipes to connect equipment, and checks alignment and accuracy of fit
• fills systems with gas or fluid to check for leaks
• removes test gas or fluid using vacuum pumps and fills with refrigerant
• test-operates refrigeration systems, checks mechanisms and makes adjustments
• checks and overhauls refrigeration systems, diagnoses faults and repairs or replaces defective components
• adjusts system controls and mechanisms and reassembles systems
• records causes of malfunctioning and action taken

Tasks Include:

• provides treatment, therapy, clinical support, continuing care, residential support and rehabilitation services in collaboration with other health care professionals and carers
• advises on structuring the environment to enable clients to lead normal, healthy, functioning lives
• conducts comprehensive and specific mental health assessments and reports and evaluates interventions and health care services
• administers, supervises and monitors medications prescribed and initiates appropriate interventions
• maintains records of treatment and progress
• delivers health education and health promotion programs

Tasks Include:

• provides advice and support to women during pre-conception, antenatal and postnatal periods
• provides care and management of pregnancy and birth
• assesses progress and recognises warning signs of abnormal or potentially abnormal pregnancies requiring referral to a medical practitioner
• monitors the condition of the woman and foetus during pregnancy and throughout labour
• conducts health education classes and seminars to promote the health of mothers and infants
• provides advice on nutrition, child care and family planning
• provides advice and support to women regarding parenting skills and care and feeding of babies
• provides supervision to students of midwifery, and nursing and other health care professionals
• coordinates the care given by other health care workers involved with maternity care

Tasks Include:

• assesses, plans, implements and evaluates nursing care for patients according to accepted nursing practice and standards
• liaises with other health professionals and members of health teams
• assists medical practitioners to examine patients, administer treatment and deliver babies
• observes, records and reports on patients' condition and their reactions to drugs and other treatments
• promotes health and assists in the prevention of ill health by participating in health education and other health promotion activities
• supervises and coordinates the work of enrolled nurses and other health care workers
• may specialise in a particular area of nursing care

Tasks Include:

• ensures residents are washed, dressed, fed and ready for educational and recreational activities
• organises and participates in educational and recreational activities
• supervises residents during domestic activities such as dining and showering
• assists with social and living skills, and trains residents unable to live independently or work in open employment
• enforces behavioural standards, compile disciplinary reports and assist in implementing remedial measures
• may assist in serving meals and performing other housekeeping tasks

Tasks Include:

• prepares or supervises the preparation of liquid medicines, ointments, powders, tablets and other medications
• checks prescriptions for correct dosage and for drug interactions and incompatibilities
• compounds prescribed medicines, and packages and labels them
• stores and preserves vaccines, serums and other drugs subject to deterioration
• dispenses medical and surgical products as prescribed
• records prescriptions dispensed, and the issue of poisons, narcotics and other restricted drugs
• provides advice and information on the use and effects of medications
• sells non-prescription drugs, sick-room supplies, toiletries, cosmetics and related commercial products

Tasks Include:

• fabricates and installs roofing and cladding components
• fabricates and installs metal gutters, downpipes and other rainwater products
• installs flashing around roof fittings such as chimneys and flues
• installs external metal ceilings, soffits and fascias
• erects and installs roof ventilator units
• erects restricted height scaffolding
• may design and size industrial roof draining components
• may carry out asbestos removal

Tasks Include:

• studies drawings, specifications and work sites to determine materials required
• erects ladders and scaffolds
• places and secures waterproof sheets over eaves
• nails or staples roofing underlay to roofs
• aligns starter rows of roofing material with edges of roofs, and secures with wire, staples or nails
• overlaps successive layers of tiles
• sizes and cuts roofing material to fit around vents, chimney edges, corners and ridges
• slips roofing material under pre-fabricated flashing and nails it down
• fixes edge and ridge tiles in cement mortar
• caulks exposed nail heads and flashing to prevent leaks
• may lay aluminium or steel tiles

Tasks Include:

• sets sales and marketing policy in consultation with other managers
• plans sales and marketing operations including market research, advertising, promotion, distribution, pricing and selling
• organises and controls sales activities by setting product mix, geographical sales areas and customer service standards
• directs merchandising methods and distribution policy by coordinating the work of salespersons or organising agents and distributors
• controls sales methods and arrangements by setting prices and credit arrangements
• monitors customer service, invoicing, payments and administration costs
• plans research work and monitoring of sales and marketing activity to produce reports, give recommendations and formulate changes
• directs the development of initiatives such as new products, new marketing techniques, new advertising campaigns, incentive bonus schemes and the dropping of unprofitable products
• may control related activities such as distribution and transport

Tasks Include:

• selects sheetmetal stock appropriate to the size and type of blades to be manufactured
• straightens and stretches stock to desired shape using rolling machines
• installs dies in power presses and operates presses to cut teeth
• operates grinding and boring machines to trim and sharpen pressed teeth, and to install mounting pinholes in blades
• welds or brazes ends of bandsaws
• checks blade and teeth dimensions against specifications using precision measuring instruments such as micrometers and gauges
• cuts broken teeth from saws using power shears, bevels sheared joints, and brazes or welds new teeth to blades, using grinding machines and brazing or welding equipment
• sets teeth to ensure specified width of cuts using hand tools
• adjusts saw-sharpening machines to obtain required distances between saw teeth, angles of bevel and depths of cut
• operates machines to sharpen teeth
• may manually sharpen teeth

Tasks Include:

• operates photographic or electronic reproduction devices
• prepares stencils using computer or hand-cut methods
• selects, mixes and matches coloured inks and loads into presses
• loads paper, fabric, plastic or other material stock and adjusts registers of feeder mechanisms
• controls machines and inspects quality of printing
• loads printed items into drying racks, and unloads and stacks dry items
• carries out general finishing operations
• performs routine maintenance of machines and attachments
• reclaims screens
• may prepare art work and set type
• may supervise other screen printers and printing hands

Tasks Include:

• presents subject matter using a range of teaching techniques and materials
• prepares, administers and marks tests, projects and assignments to evaluate students' progress, and records the results
• discusses individual progress and problems with students and parents and seeks advice from student counsellors or senior teachers
• maintains discipline in classrooms and other school areas
• participates in staff meetings, educational conferences and workshops
• liaises with parent, community and business groups
• maintains class and scholastic records
• supervises student teachers on placement
• may coordinate teaching in a particular subject area
• may assist with sporting activities and excursions

Tasks Include:

• studies blueprints, drawings or specifications to determine job, material and equipment requirements
• selects metal stock, such as stainless steel, galvanised iron, mild steel, aluminium, copper and other materials, and checks sizes, gauges and other dimensions of material relative to specifications
• marks out stock with reference points and lines, using templates, gauges and other measuring instruments
• cuts material along guidelines using hand or power shears, guillotines or drills
• shapes and forms cut material into products using folding or bending machines, rollers, presses or hammers
• fits and assembles components into final products by welding, riveting, soldering, brazing or otherwise joining
• polishes, files, sands or cleans assembled products
• may repair damaged sheetmetal products and components
• may specialise in fabrication, or on-site assembly and installation, of sheetmetal products
• may produce aircraft sheet metal components requiring advanced drawing and calculating skills
• may specialise in decorative copperwork

Tasks Include:

• plans, controls and coordinates the operational and maintenance requirements of the ship's propulsion and domestic plant and equipment
• operates plant and equipment and performs routine maintenance on ship's systems such as mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic, steam generating, compressed air, domestic water generating, sewerage, fire prevention and control systems
• stands engine room watches at sea and in port
• monitors machinery operation and records operating conditions
• coordinates tests on equipment and diagnoses faults
• monitors stock requirements including consumables, spare parts and tools
• accesses and records data about plant and equipment maintenance
• provides advice on operational or budget requirements for plant and equipment maintenance
• supervises engine room personnel

Tasks Include:

• controls, directs or manoeuvres ships and boats during berthing and mooring, navigational planning and emergencies in accordance with safety rules and regulations
• ensures compliance with regulations pertaining to safety at sea and protection of the marine environment
• controls and directs operations to ensure the safe and efficient loading and transport of cargo and passengers
• controls the receipt and transmission of general and emergency information by radio, flags, morse lighting and pyrotechnic communication
• ensures the security, safety, efficiency and economic operation of vessels
• manages and controls fire hazard, abandon ship and damage control procedures
• manages and administers budgets and expenditure
• manages and maintains inventory, records and documentation
• devises and implements strategic and operational planning