Tasks Include:

• assists in the formulation of budgetary and accounting policies
• prepares financial statements for presentation to boards of directors, management, shareholders, and statutory bodies
• conducts financial investigations, undertakes audits, prepares reports, and advises on such matters as the purchase and sale of businesses, mergers, capital financing, suspected fraud, insolvency and taxation
• examines operating costs and the income and expenditure of institutions
• provides assurance about the accuracy of information contained in financial reports and their compliance with statutory requirements
• provides financial and taxation advice on business structures, plans and operations
• liaises with bankers and brokers to establish funds management arrangements
• may advise on the selection and application of computer-based accounting systems
• may appraise cash flow and financial risk of capital investment projects

Tasks Include:

• studies drawings and specifications to determine layout and location of aircraft electrical and avionic systems and components
• installs and tests aircraft avionic hardware and components
• replaces and tests aircraft panel and rack mounted avionic system components
• replaces and tests aircraft oxygen system components
• inspects and tests aircraft electrical, avionics, instrument, display, radio- frequency, navigation and communications systems, flight director, automatic flight control and pulse systems and components
• may manufacture aircraft electrical, instrument and radio hardware components

Tasks Include:

• inspects, tests, repairs and installs aircraft hydromechanical, piston and gas turbine engine systems and components
• inspects, tests, repairs and installs flight control system components, rotary and fixed wing
• submits engines to final tests in specially designed testing facilities, and makes adjustments
• treats engines with anti-corrosion agents
• services auxiliary motors and engine accessories such as generators, starters and thermocouples
• conducts routine pre-flight engine inspections
• maintains records of action taken
• maintains and overhauls aircraft systems and sub-assemblies, in accordance with established maintenance schedules, and rectifies defects or malfunctions recorded by test or flight crews
• dismantles sub-assemblies and checks parts for wear using test apparatus to simulate flying conditions
• checks fuel and oil lines, control cables and other aircraft systems
• reassembles components and checks them for operating efficiency
• conducts routine pre-flight aircraft inspections

Tasks Include:

• examines patients to determine appropriate anaesthetic and sedation in concurrence with physicians and surgeons
• administers inhalation, intravenous, spinal and other anaesthetics
• monitors patients throughout surgical procedures and in immediate post-operative procedures
• records details of anaesthetic and sedation administered, and the condition of the patient before, during and after anaesthesia
• liaises with other health care workers to provide diagnosis and treatment for patients with chronic pain and to diagnose or treat patients requiring intensive care or resuscitation
• may instruct medical or associated staff and students on the symptoms of anaesthetic reaction and appropriate emergency measures

Tasks Include:

• obtains advice from clients or management to determine type, style and size of buildings or alterations
• provides information regarding designs, materials and estimated building times
• prepares project documentation, including sketches and scale drawings, and integrates structural, mechanical and aesthetic elements in final designs
• writes specifications and contract documents for use by builders and calls tenders on behalf of clients
• consults with a range of engineers and experts in the fields of environmental design
• develops feasibility studies jointly with quantity surveyors and other workers
• inspects and oversees construction work to ensure compliance with specifications
• may specialise in the design of commercial, industrial, institutional, residential or recreational buildings or in conservation architecture
• may supervise and coordinate the work of architectural associates
• may use computer-assisted design software and equipment to prepare project designs and documentation

Tasks Include:

• installs electrical equipment and electronic components in motor vehicles
• connects power-operated vehicle equipment and accessories to power supply
• uses test equipment to locate electrical and electronic malfunctions
• adjusts engine control systems and timing
• tests and replaces defective alternators, generators, voltage regulators and starter motors
• repairs or replaces faulty ignition and electrical wiring
• replaces defective parts, such as fuses, lamps and switches

Tasks Include:

• checks the cleanliness and operation of equipment and premises before production runs to ensure compliance with occupational health and safety regulations
• checks the quality of raw materials and weighs ingredients for making dough
• mixes and kneads dough
• loads tins or trays into proofers and then into ovens
• monitors oven temperatures and bread appearance to determine baking times
• unloads ovens and arranges de-panning and cooling of bread
• coordinates the forming, loading and baking of batches of bread and rolls
• may maintain and clean equipment and premises

Tasks Include:

• sets up and supervises the operation of automatic binding and finishing equipment
• binds full, half-bound, quarter-bound and limp-bound books, and repairs bindings
• folds, collates and sews signatures by machine or hand
• operates paper guillotines for pre-press and post-press paper cutting and trimming, and programs electronically-operated units
• may edge-gild, bevel and marble bindings using hand tools

Tasks Include:

• examines drawings and constructs templates from full-scale outlines
• scribes lines from templates and cuts and forms parts such as keels, stern posts, ribs and sidings
• assembles boat shells, fastens sidings or ribs to keels and covers with planking
• builds and installs structures such as cabins, machinery mountings, propeller supports and rudders
• installs decking, masts, booms and ladders
• determines repair requirements and procedures
• may make hull moulds and fabricate or repair vessels using materials such as aluminium, wood, glass reinforced plastics, carbon fibre, kevlar, fibreglass or concrete
• may order materials, prepare cost estimates and quotations

Tasks Include:

• studies plans and specifications
• erects scaffolding
• seals foundations with damp-resistant materials
• spreads layers of mortar to serve as base and binder for blocks, using trowels
• lays bricks in rows, designs or shapes, spreading mortar between joints
• embeds blocks in mortar and removes excess mortar
• checks vertical and horizontal alignment
• shapes bricks to fit irregular spaces and constructs arches and ornamental brickwork
• repairs and maintains brick, cement block and related structures
• may operate brick cutting machines
• may lay paving bricks, tiles or other materials in sand

Tasks Include:

• examines drawings, work orders or sample parts to determine specifications
• selects and works with materials such as timber, veneers, particle board and synthetic wood
• marks out, cuts and shapes wood
• works from drawings or specifications to make furniture
• makes fittings for boats, caravans or other items where fine detail is required
• assembles parts to form sections of furniture and completed articles
• fits hinges, locks, catches, drawers and shelves
• may repair and refurbish furniture and antiques
• may make frames for chairs and couches

Tasks Include:

• studies drawings and specifications to determine materials required, dimensions and installation procedures
• orders and selects timbers and materials, and prepares layouts
• cuts materials with hand and power tools, and assembles or nails cut and shaped parts
• erects framework, lays sub-flooring and verifies trueness of structures
• assembles ceiling joists and rafters to construct roof framing, or nails pre- fabricated roof trusses into place
• nails fascia panels, sheathes roofs and fits exterior wall cladding to enclose structures
• cuts and nails frames around windows and doors, hangs doors, installs prefabricated units and other structures, and nails floor-boards over sub-floor
• may install door handles, locks, hardware, flooring underlay, suspended ceilings, insulating materials and other fixtures
• may examine and remove parts of existing structures, do minor preparatory work and install building supports
• may erect scaffolding and steel studding

Tasks Include:

• studies drawings and specifications to determine materials required, dimensions and installation procedures
• orders and selects timbers and materials, and prepares layouts
• cuts materials, and assembles or nails cut and shaped parts
• erects framework and roof framing, lays sub-flooring and floorboards and verifies trueness of structures
• nails fascia panels, sheathes roofs and fits exterior wall cladding, door and window frames
• assembles prepared wood to form structures and fittings ready to install
• cuts wood joints
• may construct concrete formwork
• may repair existing fittings
• may work with plastic laminates, perspex or metals

Tasks Include:

• plans menus and estimates food and labour costs in consultation with the Head Chef
• implements staff rosters and supervises the activities of cooks and assistants
• discusses food preparation issues with managers, dietitians and other staff members
• requisitions food, kitchen supplies and equipment
• demonstrates techniques to cooks and advises them on cooking procedures
• prepares and cooks food
• portions food, adds gravies, sauces and garnishes
• explains and enforces hygiene regulations
• may select and train staff
• may freeze and preserve foods

Tasks Include:

• prepares designs for chemical process systems, and plans control systems for processes such as those used to remove and separate components, effect chemical changes, test and evaluate fuels, transfer heat, and control the storing and handling of solids, liquids and gases
• monitors the operation and maintenance of equipment to achieve maximum efficiency under safe operating conditions
• designs pilot plants
• ensures that correct materials and equipment are used and that they conform to specifications
• interprets reports from other engineers, chemists and technical workers
• diagnoses malfunctions in chemical plants and institutes remedial actions
• prepares analytical reports, feasibility studies and detailed costings of processes
• studies product utilisation and pollution control problems
• may confer with environmental authorities
• may review tenders and supervise contracts
• may specialise in the conduct of experiments and correlation of data to investigate practical chemical engineering problems

Tasks Include:

• directs and supervises child care workers in providing care and supervision for young children
• develops and implements programs to enhance the physical, social, emotional and intellectual development of young children
• provides care for children in before-school, after-school, day and vacation care centres
• manages physical facilities and ensures all buildings and equipment are maintained
• ensures the centre is a safe area for all children, staff and visitors
• maintains records and accounts for the centre
• complies with government requirements and standards that may effect funding and continued service
• liaises with parents
• recruits staff and coordinates professional development
• develops and implements policies on a broad range of issues

Tasks Include:

• designs civil engineering projects such as hydraulic systems, roads, aerodromes, water supply systems, bridges and buildings
• studies, evaluates and reports on the environmental implications of projects
• determines construction methods, materials and quality standards
• drafts and interprets specifications, drawings, plans, construction methods and procedures
• organises and directs site labour and the delivery of construction materials, plant and equipment
• administers contracts and verifies and certifies satisfactory completion
• establishes detailed programs for the coordination of site activities
• sets up work control systems to ensure that standards of performance, quality, cost and safety are met
• consults with other engineers, architects, landscape architects and environmental scientists
• researches, investigates and evaluates materials, processes or systems related to civil engineering works
• supervises the testing and commissioning of completed works

Tasks Include:

• examines food to ensure quality
• regulates temperatures of ovens, grills and other cooking equipment
• prepares and cooks food
• seasons food during cooking
• portions food, places it in dishes, adds gravies or sauces, and garnishes
• stores food in temperature controlled facilities
• may plan menus and estimate food requirements
• may prepare food to meet special dietary requirements
• may train other kitchen staff and apprentices

Tasks Include:

• receives referrals from dentists and medical practitioners
• examines patients and conducts X-ray examinations or special tests
• makes diagnoses on the basis of examinations and tests
• undertakes or arranges for treatment
• supervises patients' progress after treatment

Tasks Include:

• receives and interprets written orders from dentists
• fabricates full and partial dentures
• constructs metal clasps, inlays, bridgework and other aids
• repairs, makes additions or relines denture bases
• constructs maxillofacial appliances
• may fit dentures

Tasks Include:

• examines teeth, gums and other tissues using dental equipment and X-rays
• diagnoses dental conditions and plans treatment
• cleans teeth and cavities, fills cavities with restorative materials and extracts and replaces teeth
• constructs inlays and artificial crowns to replace portions of teeth
• designs, constructs and fits dentures, bridge work, orthodontic and other appliances
• advises patients on oral hygiene and provides preventive dental services such as applications of fluoride and sealants to teeth
• may refer patients to dentists specialising in particular methods, or medical practitioners for further examination and treatment
• may administer local and general anaesthetics
• may delegate technical construction to Dental Technicians
• may specialise in particular disorders, treatments or methods requiring additional specialist training

Tasks Include:

• diagnoses and treats skin disorders including infections, genetic diseases of the skin, neoplastic disease, parasitic conditions and inflammatory and auto-immune disease
• diagnoses allergic and irritant skin conditions
• conducts microscopic and macroscopic examinations, and skin sensitivity tests
• surgically excises, irradiates and uses cryotherapy for cutaneous malignancies and other growths
• advises patients about the treatment and care of skin
• prescribes and administers treatments and medications, and monitors their effectiveness and side effect profiles
• provides consultancy and treatment services to assist with the care of patients with skin disease
• counsels patients

Tasks Include:

• sets out and installs below ground sanitary and stormwater drainage systems
• carries out site drainage and de-watering procedures, employing stormwater, sub- soil and pumped systems
• installs septic tanks, effluent disposal and disinfections systems
• locates and clears blockages in drainage systems
• replaces sections of below ground drains
• excavates and levels to line, depth and grade
• installs excavation supports in accordance with Occupational Health and Safety requirements
• cuts and joints piping
• tests drainage systems
• may construct brick or concrete pits

Tasks Include:

• plans and designs the manufacture and installation of electric power equipment and facilities
• determines the type and arrangement of circuits, transformers, circuit-breakers, transmission lines and other equipment
• develops products such as electric motors, components, equipment and appliances
• interprets specifications, drawings, standards and regulations relating to electric power equipment and use
• organises and manages resources used in the supply of electrical components, machines, appliances and equipment
• establishes delivery and installation schedules for machines, switchgear, cables and fittings
• supervises the operation and maintenance of power stations, transmission and distribution systems and industrial plants
• may specialise in research in areas such as power generation and transmission systems, transformers, switchgear and electric motors, telemetry and control systems

Tasks Include:

• installs earth stakes, poles and guy wires
• checks safety of operating conditions for working on electrical equipment and distribution systems of all voltages
• installs or services aerial equipment such as cross arms, insulators, transformers, street lights and customer supply points
• covers conductors with insulating materials
• joins overhead conductors using compression fittings, and adjusts tension
• performs emergency repairs and de-energising of conductors

Tasks Include:

• diagnoses and repairs faults in electrical circuitry which is of a complex nature
• analyses drawings and specifications to determine sequences and methods of operation
• uses electrical and electronic test instruments to trace faults
• dismantles units, repairs or replaces defective components and re-assembles them
• test-operates and monitors the performance of systems, and adjusts settings
• records causes of malfunctioning and action taken
• may service and repair circuitry in prototype and other non-standard units
• may service and repair components of electrical equipment powered by hydraulic, pneumatic or other non-electrical energy sources

Tasks Include:

• identifies nature of equipment malfunction
• monitors radio and television reception to assist in diagnosing faults
• removes protective coverings to gain access to equipment
• performs voltage and resistance tests and waveform checks, using electronic test equipment
• adjusts or replaces faulty parts
• tests electronic circuitry, resistors and capacitors
• records servicing time and replacement parts used
• installs television sets and antennas on clients' premises
• adjusts controls of colour receivers using colour bar generators
• may accept payment and issue receipt for service
• may examine and repair motors of record turntables and tape recorders

Tasks Include:

• designs electronic components, circuits and systems used for computer, communication and control systems, and other industrial applications
• designs software, especially embedded software, to be used within such systems
• develops apparatus and procedures to test electronic components, circuits and systems
• supervises installation and commissioning of computer, communications and control systems, and ensures proper control and protection methods
• establishes and monitors performance and safety standards and procedures for operation, modification, maintenance and repair of such systems
• designs communications bearers based on wired, optical fibre and wireless communications media
• analyses communications traffic and level of service, and determines the type of installation, location, layout and transmission medium for communications systems
• designs and develops signal processing algorithms and implements these through appropriate choice of hardware and software

Tasks Include:

• provides specialised emergency medical care to patients of all ages with acute and urgent illness or injury
• treats the full range of acute and urgent physical or behavioural disorders
• examines patients who have acute and urgent illness or injury
• determines extent and nature of illness or injury
• recommends treatment for the diagnosed condition
• coordinates other emergency medical staff to treat patients
• assists in the development and maintenance of emergency medical systems

Tasks Include:

• directs the formulation of engineering strategies, policies and plans
• ensures engineering standards of quality, cost, safety, timeliness and performance are observed
• interprets plans, drawings and specifications and provides advice on engineering methods and procedures to achieve construction and production requirements
• liaises with marketing, research and manufacturing managers concerning engineering aspects of new construction and product design
• establishes project and work schedules and budgets
• ensures conformity with specifications and plans and with laws, regulations and safety standards
• oversees maintenance requirements to optimise efficiency
• coordinates the activities of engineering staff and controls engineering staff selection and training
• may contribute to research and development projects

Tasks Include:

• provides independent opinions on the financial performance of an organisation, and the extent to which its obligations are fulfilled
• verifies the accuracy of information contained in accounting records
• verifies the existence of assets and liabilities mentioned in reports
• prepares financial statements and reports for management, shareholders and statutory bodies
• determines the efficiency and effectiveness of companies and government departments
• may examine the records of government departments, statutory and municipal authorities and government-owned companies

Tasks Include:

• determines plasterboard layout, and installs insulation and vapour barriers
• measures and marks reference points on plasterboard
• cuts plasterboard, lifts and positions panels and secures them to walls and ceilings, or to battens
• prepares corner beads and secures them in position
• fixes pre-cast cornices, panel mouldings, ceiling centres and other plaster fittings
• covers joins and nail holes with wet plaster or sealing compounds, and smooths them using wet brushes and sand paper
• may spray fibrous materials over surfaces to be covered

Tasks Include:

• studies drawings or specifications to determine methods and sequences of operations
• checks prepared metal components for accuracy, using measuring instruments such as micrometers, callipers and rules
• lifts and hoists components on to working surface, lays out and marks reference points, and aligns parts using measuring instruments
• drills holes and taps threads for bolting parts together, and assembles parts and sub-assemblies
• cuts, threads, bends and installs hydraulic and pneumatic pipes and lines
• verifies alignment of, and clearances between, components using measuring instruments
• cleans and lubricates assembled articles
• may mark out stock to be shaped and formed into metal parts by other workers
• may shrink-fit parts during assembly, using oxyacetylene torches and presses
• may fit and assemble non-metallic parts
• may erect machinery and equipment on-site
• may test-assemble articles in workshops to ensure accuracy of fit

Tasks Include:

• prepares surface for covering and removes baseboard trims
• measures areas to be covered or consults plans to estimate quantities of floor covering materials required
• measures, cuts and fixes underlay materials
• lays covering materials over floor, matches patterns, cuts shapes around fixtures and trims edges
• secures floor coverings and fits edge trims in doorways
• may install wall, ceiling, counter and bench coverings
• may lay parquetry blocks or resilient floor coverings

Tasks Include:

• sands and smooths furniture surfaces
• mixes stains by stirring in base colours to match colour or shade and applies to furniture
• applies varnish, shellac, lacquer or paint to surfaces
• polishes and waxes finished surfaces
• dismantles furniture, masks areas not being finished and removes accessories such as knobs and hinges to prepare articles for refinishing
• removes old finishes by stripping with steel wool or glasspaper, or by applying solvents or paint strippers and removing softened finishes by scraping
• removes excess solvent and indentations
• may restore wood surfaces to natural colour using acid and neutralisers
• may hand polish and restore antique furniture

Tasks Include:

• confers with clients or supervisors to determine style, size, materials and cost for furniture items
• measures and cuts covering and padding materials
• seams cushions and joins sections of covering material
• secures material, padding, springs and webbing to articles to be upholstered
• attaches ornamental trims, braids and buttons to covers or frames
• removes coverings, webbing and padding from old furniture items
• removes and replaces defective springs or installs new ones
• makes and repairs wooden frames
• may finish wooden surfaces on furniture
• may remove stains from fabric

Tasks Include:

• tests piping systems for gas appliances
• installs piping systems for combustible gases
• installs gas appliances and ancillary equipment
• installs appliance flues
• installs gas pressure regulating devices and gas detection systems
• provides consumer about the operation and maintenance of appliances
• installs Liquified Petroleum Gas systems in caravans and marine craft
• undertakes maintenance of gas appliances
• may maintain pipes, appliances, flues and ancillary equipment associated with the use of fuel gases

Tasks Include:

• examines wiring diagrams and installation areas to plan layout of wiring systems
• responds to break downs, diagnoses and repairs electrical systems and ancillary equipment
• positions and installs electrical switchboards
• installs sheathed cables
• measures, cuts and installs plastic conduit and pulls wires through
• splices, twists and solders wires and applies tape or terminal caps
• connects installed wires to circuit breakers, transformers, timers and other electrical equipment
• installs and connects items such as switches, lighting fixtures and earthing systems
• connects electrical systems to power supply
• tests continuity of circuit
• may install, modify, maintain and repair electrical equipment such as storage heaters, water heaters, lighting, motors, electric signs or switchboards

Tasks Include:

• conducts examinations and questions patients to determine the nature of disorders or illnesses and records patients' medical information
• orders and performs laboratory tests, X-rays and other diagnostic images and procedures and analyses findings
• provides overall care for patients and prescribes and administers treatments, medications and other remedial measures
• inoculates patients to prevent communicable diseases
• advises patients on diet, exercise, hygiene and other health matters
• provides pre and post-natal care
• reports births, deaths and notifiable diseases to government authorities
• refers patients to medical specialists and exchanges relevant medical details
• arranges the admission of patients to hospital
• may deliver babies or perform minor surgical procedures

Tasks Include:

• sets out and installs hot and cold water systems and associated equipment
• installs fire hydrants and hose reel systems
• designs sanitary plumbing and water supply systems including residential sprinkler systems
• installs discharge pipes and sanitary fixtures
• fabricates and installs soil and waste stacks
• installs sewerage and effluent pumping equipment and disposal systems
• installs below-ground drainage systems and associated ground support systems
• assembles and installs mechanical services machinery, air handling and conditioning equipment and small bore heating systems
• fabricates and installs rainwater goods and flashings
• may install roof and wall cladding
• may install and maintain approved domestic and commercial appliances and ancillary equipment

Tasks Include:

• provides advice on hair care, beauty products and hairstyles
• provides treatments such as shampooing, colouring or scalp conditioning
• cuts, styles and straightens hair
• shaves and trims beards and moustaches
• arranges appointments and collects payments
• cleans work areas and instruments
• may provide services such as manicures, facials, eyelash and eyebrow tinting, make up, wax treatments and ear piercing
• may clean, colour, cut and style wigs and hairpieces

Tasks Include:

• reviews prescriptions to ensure that correct doses have been prescribed, and that the substances prescribed are compatible
• prepares or supervises the preparation of liquid medicines, ointments, powders, tablets and other medications
• compounds prescribed medicines, packages and labels them, and issues them in accordance with strict control procedures
• maintains stocks and orders supplies of drugs and medicines and maintains inventories of pharmaceuticals
• maintains control records of narcotics, poisons and habit forming drugs
• stores and preserves vaccines, serums and other drugs
• provides advice and information on the use and effects of medications
• advises medical practitioners on drug incompatibility and contra-indications
• may supervise others and manage the pharmacy as a business

Tasks Include:

• assembles prepared timber to form structures and fittings ready to install
• cuts timber joints
• cuts timber to template size and shape
• may repair existing fittings
• may work with plastic laminates, perspex or metals
• may fit aluminium window frames, and glaze windows of units for sectional timber buildings

Tasks Include:

• prepares plans and drawings, and schedules landscape construction
• prepares specifications and quotations
• prepares areas for landscape constructions by analysing sites and clearing debris
• estimates and orders landscaping materials
• selects materials and plants to create landscapes
• sets out and installs hardscape and softscape structures
• constructs or refaces steps, garden walls, fences, trellises, pergolas, ponds and fountains
• constructs and installs facilities such as ferneries, barbecues, play structures and garden furniture
• constructs paths, steps and paved areas with paving materials, gravels and timber
• performs formative pruning

Tasks Include:

• interprets specifications and drawings and lays out lift site
• installs guides and verifies alignment of lifts
• installs cables, counterweights, pumps, motor foundations, escalator drives, elevator cars, doors, entrance frames and control panels
• installs safety and control devices
• connects lift wiring
• tests and adjusts lift assemblies, components, controls and safety devices
• conducts maintenance programs on lifts and escalators
• diagnoses and repairs faults in lifts
• repairs lift brakes

Tasks Include:

• determines customer's security requirements by discussion and site inspection
• designs or recommends security and locking systems
• fits and installs locks and security systems and devices
• diagnoses, modifies, repairs or replaces locks and security systems and devices
• tests performance of locks and security systems
• cuts new or duplicate keys for locks and other security systems and devices
• opens locked safes, doors or padlocks by manipulation
• may install and repair computerised security systems and devices
• may keep records of specifications of installed locking systems
• may fabricate, fit and assemble parts for customised locks and security systems
• may estimate costs and prepare quotes for repairs

Tasks Include:

• designs mechanical equipment, machinery, components, products for manufacture; and plant and systems for construction
• develops specifications for manufacture, determining materials, equipment, piping, material flows, capacities and layout of plant or systems
• organises and manages project labour and the delivery of materials, plant and equipment
• establishes detailed programs for the coordination of project activities
• sets up work control systems to ensure that standards of performance, quality, cost and safety are met
• administers contracts and verifies and certifies satisfactory completion
• supervises the functioning of manufacturing process plants such as coal handling installations, power station steam generating systems, and sewerage and water supply pumping stations
• supervises in consultation with other engineers the testing and commissioning of completed works
• may specialise in research in areas such as utilisation of energy, materials handling, thermodynamic processes, fluid mechanics and environmental controls

Tasks Include:

• fabricates and installs piping for steam, water and other services
• installs small bore heating systems
• installs ducting constructed from sheet materials for heating, ventilation and airconditioning (HVAC) systems and exhaust systems
• assembles and installs fabricated components and equipment for mechanical services
• assembles and installs machinery, air handling equipment and unitary air- conditioning equipment
• installs flexible duct systems and air terminal devices
• may install non-flammable medical gas systems
• may carry out basic commissioning of air and water systems
• may install thermal or acoustic insulation materials to ducting, piping or air handling equipment
• may carry out leak testing of duct systems
• may carry out maintenance of mechanical services and airconditioning equipment

Tasks Include:

• performs medical imaging on patients according to referral from medical practitioners
• calculates details of procedures such as length and intensity of exposure to radiation and settings of recording equipment
• explains procedures to patients
• positions patients and equipment to carry out procedures
• produces electronic or medical images performed by equipment such as X-ray machines, scanners, fluoroscopes and ultrasound machines for use by medical practitioners in the diagnosis of disease or injury
• assists surgeons by using radiographic equipment in operating theatres to produce immediate results

Tasks Include:

• studies drawings or specifications to determine job requirements
• selects, cleans and prepares metal stock, fabrication tools and equipment
• cuts, rolls, bends, shapes, moulds, spins, heats or hammers metal products to fabricate parts or sub-assemblies
• fits and assembles metal components by riveting, bolting, welding, brazing or soldering
• finishes products by cleaning, polishing, filing or bathing them in acidic solutions
• measures quality of fabricated parts or sub-assemblies
• may set up and operate spinning lathes to spin shaped articles from sheet or structural metal
• may plan, layout and fabricate mould patterns or templates for producing metal castings or articles

Tasks Include:

• studies drawings or specifications to determine suitable materials, and methods and sequences of operations, using knowledge of metal properties, machining techniques and workshop mathematics
• lifts or hoists and secures metal stock onto machine tools, and measures and marks out reference points using measuring instruments
• selects cutting tools and speed, pressure and depth of cuts
• adjusts guides, stops and controls on machine tools to ensure that stock is machined to specifications
• operates machine tools to produce articles by turning, boring, milling, planing, shaping, slotting, grinding or drilling metal stock
• controls the flow of lubricant on to cutting tool edges or surfaces
• may clean, lubricate and maintain machine tools
• may sharpen or true-cut tools or machining surfaces
• may use tracer attachments to copy model workpieces
• may machine non-metallic materials, such as plastic
• may set up, program and operate numerically controlled machine tools

Tasks Include:

• conducts preliminary surveys of mineral deposits, with geologists or prospectors to determine the feasibility of ore extraction
• determines the most suitable methods of ore extraction taking account of such factors as depth of over burden, and attitude and physical characteristics of deposits and surrounding strata
• determines the safety of processes, order of extraction, safety of mine walls, evaluates the risk of slippage and advises on the prevention of slippage and rock falls
• prepares plans for tunnels and chambers, location and construction of mine shafts, layout of mine development, and the application of appropriate mining techniques often using computer modelling
• plans and coordinates the utilisation of labour and equipment consistent with efficiency, statutory, safety and environmental conditions
• conducts formal and informal reviews of mining operations
• prepares operation and project estimates and controls expenditure when mines come into production
• consults with geologists and other engineers on the design, selection and provision of machines, facilities and systems for mining, infrastructure such as access roads, water and power supplies, and protection or restoration of the environment

Tasks Include:

• diagnoses faults in motor vehicles
• raises vehicles, using hydraulic hoists or jacks
• dismantles or removes engine assemblies, transmissions, steering mechanisms or other components, and checks parts
• repairs or replaces worn or defective parts, and reassembles mechanical components
• tests and adjusts repaired sub-assemblies, and re-installs them
• services or overhauls engines
• tunes engines to achieve smoother running and ensure compliance with pollution regulations
• re-lines and adjusts brakes and aligns wheels
• changes oil and filters, and lubricates vehicles or fuelled motor appliances
• may inspect vehicles and issue roadworthiness certificates or detail work required to achieve roadworthiness

Tasks Include:

• examines patients to determine medical problems, using physical findings, diagnostic images, laboratory test results, and patient's statements as diagnostic aids
• prescribes medication, suggests methods of improving hygiene, and determines need for gynaecological surgery
• provides supporting therapy and preparation for childbirth and lactation
• examines blood pressure and urine, monitors the developing foetus and gives advice on nutrition and exercise
• treats complications such as hypertension, infection, depression or threatened abortion
• delivers babies, and performs Caesarean sections and other surgical procedures
• discusses and prescribes contraceptive methods
• may provide advice on sex education, family planning and the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases
• arranges follow up care of babies by family practitioners, child health clinics and consultant paediatricians

Tasks Include:

• conducts tests to evaluate and assess emotional, psychological developmental and physical capabilities
• tests and trains patients with perceptual motor problems, learning or developmental disabilities
• assesses and trains people with disabilities in self-care and daily living activities and provides aids and adaptations to assist performance, independence and productivity
• assesses patients' vocational potential and provides work adjustment training and work experience
• plans and directs programs through the use of vocational, recreational, remedial, social and educational activities, conducted on an individual or group basis
• records patients' activities, responses and progress

Tasks Include:

• examines patients for symptoms indicative of ocular disorders
• performs tests to determine vision loss and the nature and extent of injury, disease or disorder
• performs eye surgery
• instructs patients in remedial eye exercises
• prescribes and administers medications and corrective optical appliances
• may arrange, supervise and fit artificial eyes and other orthotic

Tasks Include:

• interprets prescription details and produces or selects prescribed lenses
• locates and marks axes and optical centres on lens blanks, makes calculations to grind lenses to specifications and sets machines
• checks and tests polished lenses for quality
• grinds special shape and size lenses and multifocal lenses which include bifocal, trifocal and progressive lenses
• modifies frames, edges lenses and fits glasses and contact lenses
• applies lens treatments such as toughening of glass lenses and tinting of plastic lenses

Tasks Include:

• examines patients' eyes and sets visual tests to determine the nature and extent of vision problems and abnormalities
• prescribes and may dispense lenses, contact lenses and low vision aids and check suitability and comfort
• detects, diagnoses and manages eye disease and refers patients to, and receives referrals from other health providers
• provides advice on visual issues such as contact lens care, vision-care of the elderly, optics, visual ergonomics, occupational and industrial eye safety and research
• may dispense lenses, contact lenses and low vision aids
• may advise patients on eye exercises to correct defective eye muscles and on lighting and visual habits

Tasks Include:

• diagnoses, treats, manages and prevents medical and developmental disorders in children and adolescents
• promotes positive health and disease prevention in childhood and adolescence
• advises on immunisation against communicable diseases
• advises about preventative health practices
• liaises with other health, education and welfare agencies
• may practice as a general paediatrician or specialise in areas such as paediatric oncology, paediatric cardiology or paediatric neurology

Tasks Include:

• erects scaffolding and ladders, and places drop sheets to protect adjacent areas from paint splattering
• prepares surfaces by removing old paint and wallpaper, fixing woodwork, filling holes and cracks, and smoothing and sealing surfaces
• selects and prepares paints to required colours by mixing portions of pigment, oil, thinning and drying additives
• applies paints, varnishes or stains to surfaces using brushes, rollers or sprays
• hangs wallpaper
• cleans equipment and work areas
• may repair windows and replace glass in wooden and metal frames
• may lay and repair wall and floor tiles

Tasks Include:

• removes damaged panels and parts, or removes upholstery and accessories to gain access
• uses panel-beating hammers to remove dents
• straightens damaged vehicles and parts using mechanical and hydraulic equipment
• fills depressions with plastic filler, and files, grinds and sands repaired surfaces
• repairs panels by welding on new sections
• may assist vehicle body builders in constructing or restoring custom-designed, vintage or other specialty vehicles
• may spray-paint vehicles
• may form panels using metal presses, guillotines and cutters, according to dimensional drawings

Tasks Include:

• weighs and mixes ingredients, and prepares pastry fillings and shapes pastry goods
• kneads, matures, cuts, moulds and shapes pastry dough and operates dough baking and rolling equipment
• controls mixing times and transfers dough to tempering rooms
• glazes buns and pastries, and decorates cakes with cream or icing
• monitors forming machines for crumpets, muffins and wafers
• operates machines which roll and mould dough or cut biscuits
• loads buns, pastries and cakes into ovens, and unloads cooked products
• controls baking times and monitors the temperature and appearance of products
• empties, cleans and greases baking trays, tins and other cooking equipment

Tasks Include:

• studies the nature, cause, development and clinical management of diseases in people, and the structural and functional changes caused by them
• prepares, or supervises the preparation of, tissue sections from surgical and diagnostic cases and autopsies
• examines bodily fluids and tissues for the presence and measurement of chemical substances, microbiological organisms, and chemical and other biological responses to disease processes
• examines tissues using scientific techniques and equipment to determine the nature, cause and progress of disease
• performs autopsies to determine causes of death, the nature and extent of disease and injury, and the effect of treatment
• supervises and coordinates the work of technical officers and technicians
• writes reports of findings for use by other medical practitioners and coroners
• may direct the activities of pathology departments in hospitals, private clinics or laboratories, or other locations

Tasks Include:

• plans and conducts research and provides advice on engineering operations for the exploration, location and extraction of petroleum or natural gas
• determines locations for drilling
• decides on types of derrick and equipment, including seabed platforms
• devises methods of controlling the flow of oil or gas from wells
• compiles logs recording production from flowing wells
• prepares plans of engineering operations and cost estimates
• provides necessary safety procedures and facilities
• consults with geologists, geophysicists and other engineers on the location, design and development of extractive processes
• plans and implements protection and restoration of the environment

Tasks Include:

• treats patients to reduce pain, improve circulation, strengthen muscles, improve cardio-thoracic, cardio-vascular and respiratory functions, restore joint mobility, improve balance and coordination
• administers muscle, nerve, joint and functional ability tests to identify and assess physical problems of patients
• uses the therapeutic properties of exercise, heat, cold, massage, manipulation, hydrotherapy, electrotherapy, ultraviolet and infra-red light and ultrasound in the treatment of patients
• instructs patients and their families in procedures to be continued at home
• records treatments given and patients' responses and progress
• may refer to or accept referrals from medical practitioners and other health care professionals
• may specialise in sports-related injuries or treatments

Tasks Include:

• examines patients' feet to determine the nature and extent of conditions such as skin lesions, bunions, ingrown toenails, foot infections, and deformities such as flat feet, foot imbalance and injury
• examines and treats foot disabilities of paralysis, ulceration and malfunction caused by diseases such as diabetes, peripheral vascular disorders, rheumatoid arthritis and other neuropathies
• prescribes and arranges the fabrication of footwear to correct foot disabilities
• performs minor surgery to remove or ameliorate abnormal conditions
• prescribes and fits replaceable pads, palliative and functional supports and other devices for the protection and correction of foot abnormalities
• advises patients about continued treatment and foot care to prevent recurrences
• may provide rehabilitation services to the physically handicapped
• may refer to, or have patients referred from, medical practitioners

Tasks Include:

• studies drawings or specifications to determine job requirements
• cleans and prepares metal surfaces by gouging, bevelling, grinding or filing
• cuts metal shapes using thermal cutting equipment
• aligns surfaces to be joined and secures by tack-welding or jigging
• selects welding techniques appropriate to type and thickness of metal
• connects electrode holders to power sources and adjusts controls on electrode holders or welding equipment to regulate currents
• forms arcs which generate heat to melt metal from electrodes, and deposits metal on workpieces to fuse joints
• guides electrodes along weld lines
• cleans and smooths welds by filing, chiselling or grinding, and examines welds for width of bead, penetration and precision
• cuts metal shapes using thermal cutting equipment
• may weld mild steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, aluminium and copper

Tasks Include:

• discusses mental and physical problems with patients to determine the nature and extent of mental, emotional or behavioural disorders
• studies patients' medical and mental histories
• examines patients to determine general physical condition
• orders laboratory tests, imaging, assessment tests and other diagnostic procedures
• examines the results of tests and examinations to determine the most appropriate forms of treatment
• prescribes and administers medication, psychotherapy, or other treatment and rehabilitation programs, and arranges admission to hospitals
• consults and works with other health professionals

Tasks Include:

• prepares preliminary cost estimates from sketches and statements of requirements
• studies architectural and engineering drawings and specifications to estimate total costs
• consults with architects, builders and engineers, financiers, developers and owners
• prepares detailed cost plans and estimates as tools for budgetary control
• prepares material lists, produces bills of quantities for tendering purposes and advises clients on tenders when received
• administers construction contracts and measures and approves progress payments
• monitors changes of design, assesses effects on cost, and measures, values and negotiates variations to designs
• advises on costs of alterations to existing buildings or structures, on various materials and construction methods, and on alternative contractual procedures and clauses
• prepares final cost statements
• may supervise and coordinate the work of building technicians
• may prepare specifications and contract documents

Tasks Include:

• examines internal structures and functions of organ systems using X-rays and other radiant energies
• correlates X-ray findings with other examinations and tests, and interprets images to make diagnoses
• writes reports to accompany photographic records for use by other medical practitioners
• treats internal and external growths by X-rays, high energy sources and natural or man-made radio-isotopes
• administers radio-opaque substances to render internal structures and organs visible on X-ray films or fluoroscopic screens

Tasks Include:

• establishes job requirements from drawings and specifications, and lays out installation reference points
• drills holes, installs mounting brackets and cuts, bends and threads piping
• installs components such as compressors, motors, condensers, evaporators, switches and gauges, and copper lines for steam, gas, refrigerant, compressed air, fuel, oil and chilled water
• bolts, solders, rivets, welds or brazes pipes to connect equipment, and checks alignment and accuracy of fit
• fills systems with gas or fluid to check for leaks
• removes test gas or fluid using vacuum pumps and fills with refrigerant
• test-operates refrigeration systems, checks mechanisms and makes adjustments
• checks and overhauls refrigeration systems, diagnoses faults and repairs or replaces defective components
• adjusts system controls and mechanisms and reassembles systems
• records causes of malfunctioning and action taken

Tasks Include:

• provides treatment, therapy, clinical support, continuing care, residential support and rehabilitation services in collaboration with other health care professionals and carers
• advises on structuring the environment to enable clients to lead normal, healthy, functioning lives
• conducts comprehensive and specific mental health assessments and reports and evaluates interventions and health care services
• administers, supervises and monitors medications prescribed and initiates appropriate interventions
• maintains records of treatment and progress
• delivers health education and health promotion programs

Tasks Include:

• provides advice and support to women during pre-conception, antenatal and postnatal periods
• provides care and management of pregnancy and birth
• assesses progress and recognises warning signs of abnormal or potentially abnormal pregnancies requiring referral to a medical practitioner
• monitors the condition of the woman and foetus during pregnancy and throughout labour
• conducts health education classes and seminars to promote the health of mothers and infants
• provides advice on nutrition, child care and family planning
• provides advice and support to women regarding parenting skills and care and feeding of babies
• provides supervision to students of midwifery, and nursing and other health care professionals
• coordinates the care given by other health care workers involved with maternity care

Tasks Include:

• assesses, plans, implements and evaluates nursing care for patients according to accepted nursing practice and standards
• liaises with other health professionals and members of health teams
• assists medical practitioners to examine patients, administer treatment and deliver babies
• observes, records and reports on patients' condition and their reactions to drugs and other treatments
• promotes health and assists in the prevention of ill health by participating in health education and other health promotion activities
• supervises and coordinates the work of enrolled nurses and other health care workers
• may specialise in a particular area of nursing care

Tasks Include:

• prepares or supervises the preparation of liquid medicines, ointments, powders, tablets and other medications
• checks prescriptions for correct dosage and for drug interactions and incompatibilities
• compounds prescribed medicines, and packages and labels them
• stores and preserves vaccines, serums and other drugs subject to deterioration
• dispenses medical and surgical products as prescribed
• records prescriptions dispensed, and the issue of poisons, narcotics and other restricted drugs
• provides advice and information on the use and effects of medications
• sells non-prescription drugs, sick-room supplies, toiletries, cosmetics and related commercial products

Tasks Include:

• fabricates and installs roofing and cladding components
• fabricates and installs metal gutters, downpipes and other rainwater products
• installs flashing around roof fittings such as chimneys and flues
• installs external metal ceilings, soffits and fascias
• erects and installs roof ventilator units
• erects restricted height scaffolding
• may design and size industrial roof draining components
• may carry out asbestos removal

Tasks Include:

• studies drawings, specifications and work sites to determine materials required
• erects ladders and scaffolds
• places and secures waterproof sheets over eaves
• nails or staples roofing underlay to roofs
• aligns starter rows of roofing material with edges of roofs, and secures with wire, staples or nails
• overlaps successive layers of tiles
• sizes and cuts roofing material to fit around vents, chimney edges, corners and ridges
• slips roofing material under pre-fabricated flashing and nails it down
• fixes edge and ridge tiles in cement mortar
• caulks exposed nail heads and flashing to prevent leaks
• may lay aluminium or steel tiles

Tasks Include:

• studies blueprints, drawings or specifications to determine job, material and equipment requirements
• selects metal stock, such as stainless steel, galvanised iron, mild steel, aluminium, copper and other materials, and checks sizes, gauges and other dimensions of material relative to specifications
• marks out stock with reference points and lines, using templates, gauges and other measuring instruments
• cuts material along guidelines using hand or power shears, guillotines or drills
• shapes and forms cut material into products using folding or bending machines, rollers, presses or hammers
• fits and assembles components into final products by welding, riveting, soldering, brazing or otherwise joining
• polishes, files, sands or cleans assembled products
• may repair damaged sheetmetal products and components
• may specialise in fabrication, or on-site assembly and installation, of sheetmetal products
• may produce aircraft sheet metal components requiring advanced drawing and calculating skills
• may specialise in decorative copperwork

Tasks Include:

• mixes plaster and cement
• applies coats of plaster to structures using trowels, and levels and smooths coats to uniform thickness
• plumbs and straightens corners, angles and wall and ceiling surfaces
• applies finishing coats of plaster and smooths surfaces
• creates decorative textures in finishing coats
• applies and finishes acoustic, insulating and fireproofing materials bonded with plaster, plastic cement and similar materials
• may spray or apply protective glazes, water-proofing coats or vermiculite to structures or covered surfaces
• may fix pre-cast cornices, panel mouldings, ceiling centres and other plaster fittings
• may lay floors of granolithic, terrazzo, cement or similar composition or finish concrete floors
• may erect scaffolds and trestles

Tasks Include:

• performs medical imaging on patients according to referral from medical practitioners
• calculates details of procedures such as length and intensity of exposure and settings of recording equipment
• explains procedures to patients
• positions patients, and equipment to carry out procedures
• produces medical images using equipment such as ultrasound machines and scanners for use by medical practitioners in the diagnosis of disease or injury

Tasks Include:

• examines patients to determine the nature and extent of problems after referral from general medical practitioners or other specialists
• records medical information and data
• orders laboratory tests and diagnostic procedures
• analyses test and other medical information to make diagnoses
• prescribes and administers drugs and remedial treatment
• reports specified contagious or notifiable diseases to government health or immigration authorities
• may admit or refers patients to hospitals
• may consult other medical specialists

Tasks Include:

• administers tests, and observes patients to determine the nature and extent of communication, speech or voice disorders
• plans and conducts remedial exercises and programs to correct stuttering, abnormal articulation and other speech disorders
• advises on treatment for children slow in learning to speak
• provides speech training for patients with communication problems caused by defective hearing, abnormality, surgery or injury
• plans individual or group therapy in rehabilitation of patients with communication disorders
• counsels and guides language handicapped people, their families, teachers and employers
• may act as a consultant to education, medical, dental and other professional groups
• may conduct research related to the development of diagnostic techniques or the design of related apparatus
• may refer to, or accept referrals from, medical practitioners

Tasks Include:

• operates machines and hand tools to cut, shape and polish stone
• designs and cuts monumental masonry including lettering
• constructs walls using stone slabs and large masonry slab blocks
• may lay stone paving
• may work on-site or in stoneyards
• may fix stone facades to buildings

Tasks Include:

• examines patients to determine the necessity of operations, estimate risks to patients and select the best operational procedures
• reviews reports on patients' general physical condition, reactions to medications and medical histories
• consults with anaesthetists
• performs operations
• examines instruments, equipment, and surgical setup, to ensure that antiseptic and aseptic methods have been followed
• instructs other medical, nursing and associated staff regarding the preparation of patients and instrument and equipment requirements
• prescribes post-operative care and observes and investigates patients' progress
• maintains records of operations performed
• may specialise in particular types of operations

Tasks Include:

• determines the position of points of interest on the earth's surface, including the ocean bed and prepares the final product data in digital form
• supervises the preparation of plans, maps, charts and drawings to give pictorial representations and manages automated information systems
• undertakes research and development of surveying and photogrammetric measurement systems, cadastral systems and land information systems
• plans and designs land sub-division projects and negotiates details with local governments and other authorities
• compiles and evaluates data, interprets codes of practice, and writes reports concerning survey measurement, land use and tenure
• prepares site plans and survey reports required for conveyancing and land ownership matters
• advises architects, engineers, environmental and other scientists or other relevant professionals on the technical requirements of surveying, mapping and spatial information systems
• may supervise and coordinate the work of surveying associates and field assistants

Tasks Include:

• studies drawings or specifications to determine dimensions and tolerances of articles to be manufactured
• positions, measures and marks out metal stock or castings
• sets up and operates machine tools to form workpieces by shaping stock
• checks the accuracy of fabricated items to close tolerances
• fits and assembles tool or article parts, test-operates and modifies them
• sets up, programs and operates numerically controlled, computer-numerically controlled and electrical discharge machine tools
• fabricates press tools, dies, plastic moulds or jigs
• may dismantle faulty machine tools and machines, and repair or replace defective tools, dies and fixtures
• may heat-treat tools, dies and fixtures during fabrication
• may braze or weld parts during assembly
• may design tools and precision equipment

Tasks Include:

• examines trees to assess their condition and determine treatment
• lops limbs off trees and shapes branches using chain or handsaws
• paints protective materials over cut surfaces
• scrapes decayed materials from cavities in trees and inserts plastic to prevent further deterioration
• sprays and dusts trees to control insects and disease
• fells diseased trees, grubs out stumps and removes material
• plants and transplants trees

Tasks Include:

• studies vehicle body drawings, body drafts and specifications
• constructs vehicle framework sections in metal and other materials, using stretching and shrinking machinery and welding equipment
• bolts, screws, rivets or welds sections together
• cuts, shapes and attaches panels of sheetmetal, aluminium or reinforced plastic to frameworks
• may alter assembly line vehicles to special requirements

Tasks Include:

• removes rough spots on vehicle panels
• sands surfaces by hand or with power sanders
• covers area not to be painted with masking tape and paper
• colour matches and mixes paints to match paint shades, or selects pre-mixed paint
• applies primer and finish coats using spray guns, and rubs down surfaces between coats
• touches up paintwork and applies polish to vehicles
• removes masking papers, waxes and polishes finished paintwork
• may paint signs or artwork on vehicles
• may treat vehicles with rust-proofing chemicals

Tasks Include:

• examines plans, measures and marks surfaces and lays out work
• prepares wall and floor surfaces by removing old tiles, grout and adhesive, and cleaning and dry polishing
• spreads adhesive onto prepared surfaces and tiles, and sets tiles in position
• ensures tiles are aligned
• grouts tiles and cleans and removes excess grout
• may lay floors of granolithic, terrazzo, cement or similar composition

Tasks Include:

• studies blueprints, drawings or specifications to determine appropriate welding processes and other job requirements
• cleans and prepares metal surfaces for welding by flame-cutting, thermal cutting, gouging, bevelling, grinding or filing
• preheats thick materials to required temperatures
• fits attachments, connects hoses to gas tanks, or wires to power sources of equipment used in welding operations
• adjusts controls to regulate gas pressure, voltage or amperage
• opens valves or switches and lights torches, strikes arcs or starts machines
• guides torches or electrodes along lines of weld manually or by operating machine controls
• cleans and smooths welds by filing, chiselling or grinding
• cuts metal shapes using flame and thermal cutting torches
• may set up welding machines for other operators